C2 Mastery — words

abate v.

diminish, lessen, mitigate, alleviate

aberration n.

anomaly, deviation, irregularity, divergence

abet v.

encourage, instigate, promote

abeyance n.

suspension, dormancy, inactivity

abhor v.

detest, loathe, despise, abominate

abiding adj.

enduring, lasting, persistent, steadfast

abject adj.

wretched, despicable, pitiful

abjure v.

renounce, repudiate, forsake

abrogation n.

repeal, annulment, rescission

abscond v.

escape, flee, bolt, decamp, vanish

absolve v.

exonerate, vindicate, acquit

abstain v.

refrain, desist, forgo, renounce

abstention n.

non-participation, forbearance, refraining

abstruse adj.

esoteric, recondite, obscure, cryptic

abyss n.

chasm, void, gulf, pit, depth

accession n.

admission, incorporation, accession

acclaimed adj.

renowned, celebrated, lauded, esteemed, distinguished

accolade n.

commendation, praise, accolade, distinction

accomplice n.

accessory, collaborator, confederate

accost v.

approach, confront, address, solicit

accredit v.

authorize, certify, endorse, validate

accrue v.

accumulate, amass, gather, collect

acerbic adj.

caustic, vitriolic, sardonic

acquiesce v.

concede, comply, yield, submit

acquiescence n.

compliance, assent, submission, acceptance

acquit v.

exonerate, absolve, vindicate

acrimonious adj.

bitter, caustic, rancorous, vitriolic

acrimony n.

bitterness, animosity, rancor, hostility

acuity n.

sharpness, keenness, perceptiveness, insightfulness

acumen n.

insight, discernment, shrewdness, sagacity

adage n.

proverb, maxim, aphorism

adamant adj.

unyielding, resolute, steadfast

adherence n.

compliance, fidelity, allegiance

adherent n.

supporter, follower, devotee, disciple

admittance n.

access, entry, acceptance

admonish v.

reprimand, rebuke, caution, scold

adroit adj.

dexterous, adept, proficient, nimble, skillful

adulation n.

flattery, idolization, worship, praise, acclaim

advent n.

arrival, emergence, onset

adversary n.

opponent, rival, antagonist

adversity n.

hardship, misfortune, tribulation

aegis n.

protection, sponsorship, patronage

affable adj.

genial, amiable, sociable, approachable

affectation n.

pretension, insincerity, ostentation

affinity n.

kinship, resemblance, rapport, connection

affliction n.

tribulation, distress, suffering, woe

alacrity n.

eagerness, readiness, enthusiasm, zeal

alchemy n.

transmutation, sorcery, elixir, mysticism

allegiance n.

loyalty, fidelity, devotion, allegiance

allegory n.

symbolism, parable, metaphor, fable

alleviate v.

mitigate, assuage, palliate, ease, soothe

allude v.

hint, suggest, imply, refer, indicate

allusion n.

reference, hint, suggestion, implication

aloof adj.

detached, indifferent, remote, standoffish

altercation n.

dispute, contention, disagreement, quarrel

altruistic adj.

selfless, benevolent, philanthropic

amalgamation n.

consolidation, integration, synthesis

ambiguity n.

uncertainty, vagueness, equivocation

ambivalent adj.

conflicted, uncertain, equivocal

ambrosial adj.

delectable, heavenly, exquisite

amenable adj.

compliant, docile, malleable, responsive

anachronism n.

chronological inconsistency, temporal dislocation, historical inaccuracy

analogous adj.

similar, comparable, akin, parallel, corresponding

anathema n.

abomination, detestation, pariah

anecdote n.

tale, narrative, story, vignette

anguish n.

distress, torment, agony, suffering, misery

animosity n.

hostility, enmity, antagonism, resentment

annihilation n.

destruction, obliteration, eradication

annum n.

year, annum, calendar year

anomaly n.

aberration, deviation, irregularity, exception, peculiarity

antagonise v.

provoke, incite, irritate, antagonize

antidote n.

countermeasure, remedy, cure

antiquated adj.

obsolete, archaic, outdated, anachronistic

antiquity n.

ancientness, antiqueness, oldness

antithesis n.

contrast, opposition, contradiction

apex n.

summit, pinnacle, zenith, acme, peak

aplomb n.

composure, poise, assurance, self-possession

apostle n.

messenger, envoy, proponent

apparition n.

specter, phantasm, wraith, vision

appease v.

pacify, placate, mollify, soothe

appellation n.

designation, title, nomenclature

apprehension n.

anxiety, trepidation, unease, foreboding

apprehensive adj.

anxious, uneasy, fearful, concerned, wary

aptitude n.

talent, proficiency, capability, competence

arbiter n.

mediator, adjudicator, judge, referee

arcane adj.

esoteric, cryptic, obscure, enigmatic

archetype n.

prototype, exemplar, paradigm, model, standard

archipelago n.

island chain, isle group, atoll

ardour n.

zeal, fervor, passion, enthusiasm

arduous adj.

strenuous, laborious, grueling, taxing

arrogance n.

hubris, conceit, pomposity, presumption

artifice n.

cunning, deception, ingenuity, craftiness

ascendancy n.

dominance, supremacy, hegemony

ascertain v.

establish, determine, discover, verify, confirm

aspersion n.

calumny, slander, defamation

assiduous adj.

diligent, industrious, sedulous

assuage v.

alleviate, pacify, soothe, mitigate

astute adj.

shrewd, perceptive, insightful, sagacious

atone v.

redeem, expiate, compensate, rectify

attrition n.

diminution, erosion, reduction

audacity n.

boldness, daring, intrepidity, temerity, gall

augment v.

enhance, amplify, intensify, magnify, elevate

auspicious adj.

propitious, favorable, promising

austere adj.

severe, stern, ascetic, unadorned, simple

autocrat n.

despot, tyrant, dictator

avarice n.

greed, cupidity, rapacity

aversion n.

disgust, repugnance, antipathy, loathing

axiom n.

postulate, principle, theorem

backlash n.

repercussion, counteraction, resistance

baleful adj.

malevolent, ominous, sinister, menacing

balk v.

deter, recoil, flinch

ballast n.

counterweight, stabilizer, weight

balm n.

ointment, salve, emollient

bane n.

curse, scourge, plague

barrage n.

onslaught, deluge, torrent

bastion n.

fortification, stronghold, citadel

bear up phr v.

withstand, endure, persevere

bedlam n.

pandemonium, turmoil, uproar

beguile v.

charm, enchant, captivate, allure

behemoth n.

colossus, leviathan, giant

beleaguer v.

besiege, harass, beset

belie v.

contradict, disprove, refute, negate

bellicose adj.

pugnacious, combative, aggressive, warlike

belligerent adj.

hostile, combative, pugnacious

bellwether n.

trendsetter, precursor, harbinger

bemoan v.

lament, mourn, bewail, deplore, regret

benefactor n.

patron, supporter, sponsor

benevolence n.

altruism, kindness, compassion, goodwill

benevolent adj.

altruistic, magnanimous, charitable

bequeath v.

devote, entrust, pass on, bequest

bequest n.

inheritance, endowment, legacy

berate v.

rebuke, reprimand, scold, chastise, admonish

bereavement n.

grief, mourning, sorrow, lamentation

bereft adj.

devoid, destitute, lacking, stripped

beseech v.

implore, entreat, supplicate

beset v.

surround, besiege, harass

besotted adj.

infatuated, enamored, captivated

bestow v.

confer, grant, present, endow

bewitching adj.

enchanting, captivating, mesmerizing, alluring, spellbinding

bigotry n.

prejudice, intolerance, narrow-mindedness

bite the bullet idiom

endure, confront, face, accept

blasphemy n.

sacrilege, impiety, irreverence

blithe adj.

carefree, jovial, unconcerned

boisterous adj.

raucous, obstreperous, uproarious

bombastic adj.

grandiloquent, ostentatious, pretentious

boon n.

blessing, advantage, benefit, godsend

boorish adj.

crass, uncouth, vulgar, churlish

bounty n.

reward, prize, abundance, generosity

bourgeoisie n.

middle class, capitalist class, elite

brandish v.

wave, flourish, wield

bravado n.

swagger, bluster, ostentation

brusque adj.

curt, abrupt, terse

bulwark n.

fortification, bastion, safeguard, rampart

burgeon v.

expand, proliferate, flourish

buttress v.

bolster, reinforce, support, sustain

byword n.

epithet, emblem, symbol, catchphrase

cabal n.

clique, faction, syndicate

cache n.

repository, store, reserve

cacophony n.

din, clamor, discordance

cadence n.

rhythm, tempo, flow, beat, measure

calibre n.

quality, standard, merit, caliber

callous adj.

insensitive, unfeeling, heartless, apathetic

camaraderie n.

fellowship, companionship, solidarity

candour n.

frankness, honesty, openness, sincerity, straightforwardness

cantankerous adj.

irascible, petulant, quarrelsome

capricious adj.

fickle, mercurial, whimsical

cardinal adj.

fundamental, primary, essential

cartography n.

map-making, charting, geospatial analysis

caste n.

stratum, class, tier, order

cataclysm n.

disaster, upheaval, catastrophe, calamity

catharsis n.

purification, release, cleansing

caustic adj.

acerbic, scathing, vitriolic, corrosive, biting

cavalcade n.

procession, pageant, parade, spectacle

caveat n.

warning, stipulation, condition

censure n., v.

rebuke, reprimand, admonition, condemnation

cessation n.

termination, discontinuation, cessation

chagrin n.

disappointment, vexation, distress

chasm n.

gorge, abyss, rift, void

chastise v.

rebuke, reprimand, scold, admonish, chastisement

chicanery n.

deception, fraud, trickery

chide v.

rebuke, reprimand, scold, admonish, reproach

chronology n.

timeline, sequence, order

churlish adj.

surly, boorish, uncouth, rude

circumspect adj.

prudent, wary, judicious, vigilant

citadel n.

stronghold, fortress, bastion

clandestine adj.

furtive, surreptitious, covert, secretive

cleave v.

split, sever, adhere, cling

clique n.

coterie, cabal, faction, circle

cloister n.

enclosure, monastery, sanctuary

cloistered adj.

insulated, secluded, reclusive

clout n.

influence, power, authority, sway, leverage

coalesce v.

merge, unite, amalgamate, consolidate

coerce v.

compel, force, constrain, pressure, intimidate

cogent adj.

persuasive, compelling, forceful, incisive

collude v.

conspire, collusion, connive

collusion n.

conspiracy, complicity, collusion, connivance

colossal adj.

enormous, gigantic, immense, monumental, titanic

colossus n.

behemoth, giant, titan

commensurate adj.

proportionate, equivalent, commensurable

complacent adj.

self-satisfied, smug, unconcerned

complementary adj.

supplementary, ancillary, auxiliary

complicity n.

collusion, complicity, connivance

compulsion n.

coercion, duress, compulsion, constraint

concatenation n.

linkage, concatenating, chaining

conciliatory adj.

appeasing, placatory, pacifying

conclave n.

assembly, gathering, council, synod

concordance n.

harmony, agreement, consistency, correspondence

condescension n.

patronizing, disdainful, superior, haughty

condone v.

overlook, excuse, pardon, tolerate

confiscate v.

seize, appropriate, expropriate

conflagration n.

inferno, holocaust, blaze

confluence n.

convergence, junction, merging, intersection

confound v.

bewilder, perplex, baffle, confuse, astonish

conjecture n.

hypothesis, speculation, supposition

conjure v.

invoke, summon, produce, create, manifest

connive v.

collude, conspire, plot, scheme

conquest n.

subjugation, domination, annexation

consecration n.

sanctification, hallowing, dedication

consortium n.

alliance, coalition, partnership, syndicate

consternation n.

disquiet, perturbation, anxiety, trepidation

construe v.

interpret, elucidate, explicate, deduce, infer

consummation n.

completion, fulfillment, realization, culmination

contagion n.

infection, transmission, spread, contagiosity

contemptible adj.

despicable, ignoble, base, vile

contingency n.

eventuality, possibility, uncertainty

continuum n.

spectrum, range, gradation

contravene v.

violate, breach, transgress, infringe

conundrum n.

puzzle, enigma, quandary, riddle

convene v.

assemble, summon, gather, convene, congregate

convergence n.

confluence, merging, intersection

convivial adj.

sociable, jovial, genial

convoluted adj.

intricate, tortuous, elaborate

copious adj.

abundant, profuse, ample, extensive

coquettish adj.

flirtatious, teasing, alluring

cordial adj.

affable, genial, warm-hearted, amiable

corollary n.

consequence, implication, deduction

cortege n.

procession, entourage, retinue

cosmology n.

astrophysics, celestial mechanics, universe science

cosmos n.

universe, macrocosm, creation

countenance v.

endorse, sanction, uphold

covet v.

desire, crave, yearn for, envy, lust after

craven adj.

cowardly, pusillanimous, timorous, spineless

credulous adj.

gullible, naive, unsuspecting

crevasse n.

chasm, fissure, rift

crux n.

essence, core, nucleus, heart, gist

crypt n.

vault, catacomb, mausoleum

culminate v.

culminate, conclude, climax, peak, culminate in

culpable adj.

blameworthy, liable, accountable

culprit n.

offender, wrongdoer, perpetrator

cunning adj.

sly, crafty, devious, wily, shrewd

cupidity n.

avarice, greed, covetousness

curmudgeon n.

misanthrope, grouch, crank, curmudgeonly person

cursory adj.

superficial, perfunctory, hasty, fleeting

daft adj.

foolish, absurd, nonsensical

dalliance n.

flirtation, liaison, tryst

daunting adj.

intimidating, formidable, disconcerting

dawdle v.

dilly-dally, procrastinate, linger

dearth n.

scarcity, paucity, insufficiency

debonair adj.

suave, urbane, dapper

deceitful adj.

duplicitous, insidious, fraudulent, treacherous

decimate v.

annihilate, obliterate, devastate, ravage

decorous adj.

seemly, proper, decorum, dignified

decorum n.

etiquette, propriety, decorousness

decree n.

edict, mandate, proclamation, fiat

decrepit adj.

dilapidated, infirm, senescent, feeble

deflate v.

diminish, reduce, alleviate, lessen

defunct adj.

obsolete, extinct, invalid, nonfunctional

dehort v.

dissuade, deter, discourage

deign v.

condescend, stoop, lower oneself

deity n.

divinity, godhead, celestial being

deleterious adj.

harmful, detrimental, injurious

deliberation n.

consideration, contemplation, reflection, discussion, discourse

delineate v.

describe, outline, define, demarcate

delineation n.

demarcation, specification, portrayal

deliverance n.

salvation, liberation, emancipation

deluge n.

inundation, torrent, flood, barrage

demarcation n.

delimitation, boundary, distinction

demean v.

degrade, belittle, disparage, denigrate

demeanour n.

manner, comportment, demeanor, bearing

demise n.

death, passing, cessation, extinction

demur v.

protest, object, hesitate, dissent

demure adj.

reserved, modest, unassuming, demurely, coy

denigrate v.

disparage, belittle, malign, vilify, slander

denouement n.

resolution, conclusion, outcome

deplete v.

exhaust, drain, diminish, reduce

deplorable adj.

lamentable, wretched, abominable, atrocious

deplore v.

lament, bemoan, bewail, rue, regret

depravity n.

corruption, immorality, vice, debauchery, wickedness

derelict adj.

neglected, abandoned, forsaken

deride v.

mock, scorn, deride, belittle, disparage

derisive adj.

mocking, scornful, contemptuous, sardonic, disparaging

desecrate v.

violate, profane, defile, blaspheme

despondency n.

dejection, melancholy, despair, gloom, hopelessness

despondent adj.

disheartened, dejected, forlorn, woeful

destitute adj.

impoverished, penniless, needy, impoverished, deprived

desultory adj.

erratic, aimless, haphazard

detachment n.

disengagement, aloofness, objectivity, separation

deter v.

discourage, dissuade, inhibit, prevent, deter

detestable adj.

abhorrent, loathsome, repugnant, execrable

detriment n.

harm, disadvantage, impairment

detrimental adj.

harmful, damaging, adverse, injurious, deleterious

deviation n.

divergence, variance, anomaly

devious adj.

cunning, sly, duplicitous, insidious

devoid adj.

bereft, lacking, devoid of

dexterity n.

agility, finesse, adroitness, skillfulness

dexterous adj.

adept, nimble, skillful, proficient, agile

dialectic n.

discourse, dialogue, reasoning

diaphanous adj.

translucent, sheer, ethereal, gossamer

diaspora n.

exile, dispersion, migration

diatribe n.

tirade, invective, polemic

dichotomy n.

division, contrast, polarity

didactic adj.

educational, instructive, pedagogical

diffident adj.

timid, self-effacing, bashful, reticent

dilatory adj.

tardy, procrastinatory, sluggish

diligence n.

assiduity, industriousness, perseverance

diligently adv.

assiduously, industriously, meticulously

diminution n.

reduction, decrease, contraction, attenuation

dingy adj.

squalid, shabby, dreary

dirge n.

lament, requiem, elegy, threnody

disaffection n.

discontent, dissatisfaction, alienation

discern v.

perceive, detect, distinguish, recognize, identify

disciple n.

follower, adherent, devotee

discord n.

dissension, conflict, strife, contention

discordant adj.

dissonant, incongruous, conflicting

discrepancy n.

inconsistency, divergence, disparity

disdain n., v.

contempt, scorn, derision, disdainfulness

dishevelled adj.

untidy, disordered, unkempt, tousled

disillusionment n.

disenchantment, disillusion, disenchantment

disingenuous adj.

insincere, duplicitous, deceitful

disinterested adj.

impartial, unbiased, detached, dispassionate

disjointed adj.

incoherent, fragmented, disconnected

dismay n., v.

consternation, disillusionment, trepidation, apprehension

disparage v.

belittle, denigrate, deprecate, deride, malign

disparate adj.

divergent, disparate, heterogeneous

disparity n.

inequality, discrepancy, divergence

dispassionate adj.

impartial, detached, objective, unemotional, rational

dispel v.

disperse, dissipate, eliminate, allay, assuage

dispensation n.

exemption, allocation, distribution

dispense v.

distribute, allocate, administer, issue

disposition n.

temperament, inclination, propensity, tendency

disrepute n.

ignominy, infamy, reproach

dissension n.

disagreement, discord, contention, strife

dissertation n.

thesis, treatise, dissertation paper

dissident n.

dissenter, rebel, nonconformist, objector

dissipate v.

disperse, dissipate, evaporate, dissipate

dissolution n.

disintegration, dissolution, disbandment

dissonance n.

discord, incongruity, conflict, divergence

dogged adj.

tenacious, persistent, resolute

dogma n.

doctrine, tenet, principle

dogmatic adj.

opinionated, rigid, doctrinaire

doldrums n.

stagnation, inertia, torpor

domicile n.

residence, abode, dwelling, habitation

dominion n.

sovereignty, supremacy, authority

dossier n.

file, report, portfolio, compilation

drudgery n.

toil, labor, grind, drudgery

dubious adj.

questionable, suspect, uncertain, ambiguous

duplicity n.

deceitfulness, insincerity, treachery

dwindle v.

diminish, decrease, wane, lessen, shrink

dynasty n.

lineage, house, regime

ebullience n.

exuberance, enthusiasm, vivacity

ebullient adj.

exuberant, vivacious, buoyant

eccentric adj.

quirky, unconventional, idiosyncratic

echelon n.

stratum, tier, level, rank, hierarchy

eclectic adj.

varied, diverse, multifaceted

edict n.

decree, proclamation, mandate

edification n.

enlightenment, improvement, cultivation

edifice n.

structure, monument, construction

efficacious adj.

effective, potent, powerful, productive

effigy n.

likeness, representation, statue

effrontery n.

impudence, audacity, insolence

effusion n.

outpouring, efflux, overflow

effusive adj.

gushing, exuberant, unrestrained, demonstrative

egregious adj.

flagrant, heinous, atrocious, outrageous

elated adj.

ecstatic, overjoyed, jubilant, exultant

elation n.

ecstasy, exhilaration, jubilation, euphoria

elicit v.

evoke, extract, draw out, provoke

eloquent adj.

articulate, expressive, persuasive, fluent, silver-tongued

elucidate v.

clarify, explicate, illuminate

elusive adj.

evasive, intangible, slippery, fleeting, ambiguous

emaciated adj.

gaunt, skeletal, thin, scrawny

emanate v.

exude, radiate, emit, issue

emancipate v.

liberate, free, discharge, unshackle

embargo n.

sanction, prohibition, restriction

embellish v.

enhance, adorn, elaborate, embellishment

embezzle v.

misappropriate, defraud, swindle

emblem n.

symbol, insignia, token, representation

emissary n.

envoy, delegate, representative, agent

enclave n.

territory, domain, precinct

encroach v.

intrude, infringe, encumber

endow v.

bestow, confer, grant, enrich

enervate v.

exhaust, weaken, incapacitate, debilitate

engender v.

generate, produce, instigate, provoke, elicit

enigma n.

mystery, puzzle, conundrum, riddle

enigmatic adj.

mysterious, inscrutable, cryptic, puzzling, ambiguous

enmity n.

hostility, animosity, antagonism, aversion

enormity n.

magnitude, enormity, vastness, immensity

entail v.

involve, necessitate, require, imply

enticing adj.

alluring, captivating, seductive, appealing

entourage n.

retinue, entourage, following, company, suite

entreat v.

beseech, implore, supplicate

entrenchment n.

establishment, fixation, consolidation

entropy n.

disorder, chaos, randomness

enumerate v.

itemize, list, specify, detail, catalog

envoy n.

emissary, delegate, representative

epicentre n.

focal point, nucleus, core

epilogue n.

conclusion, afterword, postscript

epitaph n.

inscription, memorial, tribute

epitome n.

embodiment, quintessence, paragon, archetype

epitomise v.

embody, exemplify, represent

epoch n.

era, age, period, phase, interval

equanimity n.

composure, serenity, tranquility, poise, aplomb

equilibrium n.

balance, stability, symmetry, parity

equivocal adj.

ambiguous, uncertain, vague, unclear, dubious

eradicate v.

eliminate, obliterate, exterminate, abolish, extinguish

erotic adj.

sensual, amorous, passionate, salacious, titillating

err v.

miscalculate, misjudge, blunder, falter, stray

erstwhile adj.

former, previous, past

erudite adj.

scholarly, knowledgeable, learned, literate

escapade n.

adventure, escapism, caper, exploit

escarpment n.

cliff, slope, precipice

eschew v.

abstain, shun, forgo, renounce

esoteric adj.

arcane, cryptic, obscure, recondite

espouse v.

adopt, embrace, support, champion

ethereal adj.

celestial, diaphanous, insubstantial, delicate

ethos n.

character, spirit, culture, values

etymology n.

word origin, linguistic history, derivation

eulogy n.

panegyric, tribute, commendation

euphemism n.

circumlocution, understatement, mild expression

evanescent adj.

transient, fleeting, momentary, ephemeral

exacerbate v.

intensify, aggravate, worsen

exacting adj.

demanding, stringent, rigorous, meticulous

exalt v.

elevate, glorify, extol, laud, magnify

exaltation n.

elation, euphoria, jubilation, ecstasy

exchequer n.

treasury, fiscal authority, revenue department

excoriate v.

denounce, censure, vilify, lambaste

excruciating adj.

agonizing, tormenting, unbearable

execrable adj.

abominable, detestable, abhorrent

exhort v.

encourage, urge, implore, admonish

exhortation n.

encouragement, admonition, urging

exigency n.

urgency, necessity, demand, requirement

exigent adj.

demanding, pressing, urgent, insistent

exodus n.

migration, departure, emigration, flight

exorbitant adj.

excessive, outrageous, prohibitive

expatriate n.

emigrant, migrant, diaspora

expedient adj.

advantageous, beneficial, pragmatic

exposition n.

explanation, elucidation, demonstration, presentation

expound v.

elucidate, explicate, clarify, delineate

expunge v.

eradicate, obliterate, eliminate, delete

exquisite adj.

sublime, elegant, refined, delicate, superb

extol v.

laud, acclaim, exalt, praise, commend

extraneous adj.

superfluous, peripheral, irrelevant

extricate v.

disengage, liberate, extract, remove

exuberant adj.

ebullient, vivacious, effervescent, buoyant

exude v.

emanate, radiate, emit, ooze, discharge

exultation n.

elation, jubilation, ecstasy, euphoria

fabricate v.

manufacture, contrive, concoct, devise

fabrication n.

manufacture, invention, deceit, concoction

facet n.

aspect, dimension, feature, side

facetious adj.

flippant, glib, jocular, flippant

facile adj.

effortless, straightforward, uncomplicated

facsimile n.

replica, reproduction, duplicate

fallacious adj.

misleading, deceptive, erroneous, spurious

fallacy n.

misconception, delusion, error in reasoning

famine n.

starvation, deprivation, scarcity

fanaticism n.

zealotry, extremism, fervor

farce n.

absurdity, mockery, travesty

farcical adj.

ludicrous, preposterous, absurd, risible

fastidious adj.

meticulous, finicky, particular, exacting

fathom v.

comprehend, grasp, discern, apprehend

fatuous adj.

silly, inane, vacuous, absurd, nonsensical

fauna n.

animal life, wildlife, biota

fawn over phr v.

adulate, flatter, idolize, dote on

feckless adj.

ineffectual, incompetent, futile

feign v.

simulate, pretend, dissemble, affect, counterfeit

feisty adj.

spirited, plucky, pugnacious

fermentation n.

cultivation, maturation, enzymatic process

ferocious adj.

savage, fierce, brutal, vicious

ferret out phr v.

unearth, detect, uncover, reveal

fervent adj.

ardent, zealous, passionate, fervid

fervid adj.

ardent, zealous, fervent, passionate, intense

fervour n.

zeal, enthusiasm, passion, ardor, intensity

fetish n.

obsession, fixation, compulsion

feud n.

rivalry, vendetta, animosity

fickle adj.

capricious, mercurial, volatile

fidelity n.

loyalty, faithfulness, allegiance

figment n.

illusion, fabrication, chimera, delusion

finesse n.

skill, delicacy, subtlety, artistry

fissure n.

crevice, chasm, rift

flagrant adj.

egregious, blatant, conspicuous

flaunt v.

exhibit, parade, showcase, display, boast

fleeting adj.

transient, ephemeral, momentary, evanescent

flimsy adj.

fragile, insubstantial, tenuous

flotsam n.

debris, wreckage, refuse

flout v.

defy, disregard, scorn, mock, spurn

flux n.

flow, fluctuation, transition

foible n.

quirk, imperfection, flaw

foment v.

instigate, incite, provoke, stimulate

foolhardiness n.

recklessness, audacity, temerity

abdicate v.

renounce, relinquish, forgo, cede

abrogate v.

revoke, annul, rescind, invalidate

abstinence n.

self-restraint, moderation, temperance

accede v.

consent, agree, acquiesce, comply, yield

accentuate v.

emphasize, underscore, highlight, intensify

acclamation n.

applause, acclaim, commendation

accreditation n.

authorization, validation, certification

adjuration n.

entreaty, supplication, imploration

affidavit n.

sworn statement, declaration, testimony

ameliorate v.

enhance, mitigate, alleviate, improve

anachronistic adj.

outdated, antiquated, obsolete

anarchy n.

chaos, disorder, lawlessness, turmoil

antecedent n.

predecessor, precursor, forerunner

antipathy n.

aversion, hostility, repugnance, enmity

apathetic adj.

indifferent, dispassionate, unconcerned, aloof

aperture n.

opening, gap, orifice, slit

armistice n.

truce, ceasefire, peace treaty

artisan n.

craftsman, tradesman, artisanry

autocracy n.

despotism, tyranny, dictatorship

axiomatic adj.

self-evident, unquestionable, indisputable

banal adj.

trite, clichéd, pedestrian, mundane

bilateral adj.

reciprocal, mutual, dual

billow v.

surge, swell, puff, expand

bravura n.

flair, virtuosity, panache, bravado

brevity n.

conciseness, succinctness, terseness

brinkmanship n.

diplomatic maneuvering, high-stakes negotiation, risk-taking

cajole v.

coax, entice, wheedle, persuade

capitulate v.

surrender, yield, concede, submit

castigate v.

rebuke, chastise, reprimand, scold

charlatan n.

quack, fraud, impostor, deceiver

chattel n.

property, asset, possession

circumvent v.

bypass, evade, sidestep, circumvent, outmaneuver

clemency n.

leniency, mercy, compassion, forbearance

coercion n.

duress, compulsion, intimidation

cohesion n.

unity, coherence, solidarity

commiserate v.

sympathize, empathize, console

compatriot n.

countryman, fellow citizen, compatriot

complacency n.

self-satisfaction, smugness, contentment

connoisseur n.

aficionado, expert, authority

connotation n.

implication, nuance, undertone

contrition n.

remorse, penitence, repentance

cornucopia n.

abundance, profusion, plethora, bounty

corroborate v.

validate, substantiate, authenticate

creed n.

doctrine, belief, ideology, tenet

crucible n.

melting pot, trial, test, furnace

curtail v.

diminish, truncate, abridge, reduce

debacle n.

catastrophe, fiasco, disaster, collapse

debilitate v.

undermine, incapacitate, weaken, enfeeble

debunk v.

disprove, invalidate, refute, expose

decadence n.

decline, degeneration, deterioration, decay

decry v.

condemn, denounce, disparage, vilify

defamation n.

slander, libel, calumny, vilification

deference n.

respect, esteem, regard, reverence

delirium n.

frenzy, hysteria, mania

demagogue n.

agitator, rabble-rouser, populist

derogatory adj.

disparaging, pejorative, belittling

desolation n.

devastation, despondency, bleakness

discernment n.

insight, perception, acumen, sagacity

disseminate v.

distribute, propagate, circulate, spread

dissent n.

disagreement, opposition, dissenting opinion

divination n.

foretelling, prophecy, augury, soothsaying

divulge v.

reveal, disclose, unveil, expose

dormant adj.

inactive, latent, quiescent, torpid

dotage n.

senility, decrepitude, feebleness

duress n.

coercion, compulsion, intimidation

emancipation n.

liberation, enfranchisement, discharge

embroil v.

entangle, implicate, embroil, involve

emulate v.

imitate, replicate, mirror, simulate

endemic adj.

native, indigenous, local, restricted

ennui n.

tedium, monotony, apathy, listlessness

enthrall v.

captivate, enchant, mesmerize, beguile

ephemeral adj.

transient, fleeting, momentary, short-lived

epicure n.

gourmet, connoisseur, bon vivant

epigram n.

aphorism, quip, witticism, maxim

epiphany n.

revelation, insight, realization

erudition n.

knowledge, scholarship, enlightenment, wisdom

esteem n.

admiration, regard, reverence, respect

euphoria n.

elation, ecstasy, exhilaration, rapture

exemplify v.

illustrate, epitomize, represent, demonstrate

exonerate v.

absolve, vindicate, acquit, exculpate

expediency n.

pragmatism, convenience, suitability

expedite v.

accelerate, hasten, facilitate, expedite

exponent n.

advocate, proponent, exponentiation

fallibility n.

imperfection, inerrancy, fallibleness

fatalism n.

determinism, predestination, inevitability

façade n.

pretense, veneer, guise

fiasco n.

debacle, catastrophe, disaster

figurehead n.

puppet, nominal leader, placeholder

filibuster n.

obstruction, delay, stalling tactic

flora n.

vegetation, plant life, greenery

fodder n.

feed, provender, forage

folly n.

foolishness, absurdity, imprudence

foray n.

incursion, raid, venture, expedition

forbearance n.

patience, tolerance, leniency, restraint

forerunner n.

precursor, harbinger, predecessor

forestall v.

preempt, avert, hinder, obviate

forfeiture n.

relinquishment, surrender, loss

forgo v.

abandon, relinquish, waive, eschew

forlorn adj.

desolate, woebegone, bereft

formidable adj.

intimidating, daunting, impressive, fearsome

forsake v.

abandon, relinquish, forsake, renounce

forte n.

strength, talent, proficiency

fortitude n.

courage, resilience, tenacity, endurance

fortuitous adj.

serendipitous, coincidental, providential

founder v.

creator, initiator, originator

fractious adj.

irritable, quarrelsome, cantankerous, petulant

fraught adj.

laden, fraught with danger, perilous, tense

fray n.

conflict, skirmish, contention

frenetic adj.

frantic, feverish, tumultuous, chaotic

frenzy n.

hysteria, mania, fervor, tumult

freshman n.

novice, newcomer, neophyte

fretful adj.

irritable, petulant, querulous

frivolous adj.

superficial, trivial, lighthearted, flippant

frugal adj.

thrifty, economical, prudent, sparing

fruition n.

realization, actualization, fulfillment

fulcrum n.

pivot, axis, leverage

fulsome adj.

excessive, extravagant, insincere, unctuous

furor n.

frenzy, uproar, tumult, commotion

furtive adj.

sly, surreptitious, clandestine, covert

futile adj.

ineffectual, pointless, vain, fruitless

futility n.

ineffectiveness, pointlessness, absurdity

gaffe n.

blunder, faux pas, misstep, indiscretion

galvanise v.

inspire, motivate, energize, stimulate

gambit n.

stratagem, maneuver, ploy, tactic

garish adj.

gaudy, flamboyant, ostentatious, brash

garner v.

accumulate, collect, amass, acquire

garrison n.

fortification, stronghold, outpost

garrulous adj.

loquacious, voluble, talkative, verbose

gauche adj.

awkward, clumsy, inelegant

gauntlet n.

ordeal, trial, challenge

genealogy n.

ancestry, lineage, heritage, descent

genesis n.

origin, inception, commencement, creation

genial adj.

affable, amiable, cordial, genial, sociable

genuflect v.

kneel, bow, prostrate, submit

germane adj.

pertinent, applicable, relevant

gestation n.

incubation, development, maturation

gingerly adv.

cautiously, delicately, tentatively

gist n.

essence, crux, core, substance

glean v.

extract, gather, harvest, compile

glib adj.

smooth-talking, voluble, eloquent

glossary n.

lexicon, vocabulary, terminology

gluttony n.

overeating, voracity, insatiability

grandeur n.

majesty, magnificence, splendor, grandeur, nobility

gratification n.

satisfaction, contentment, pleasure, fulfillment

gratuitous adj.

unwarranted, superfluous, unnecessary

gravitas n.

seriousness, solemnity, dignity, weightiness

gregarious adj.

sociable, extroverted, convivial, social

grievance n.

complaint, protest, objection, dissatisfaction

grovel v.

fawn, beg, abase, crawl, submit

gruelling adj.

arduous, taxing, strenuous, exhausting

guile n.

cunning, deceit, craftiness, slyness

gullible adj.

naive, credulous, unsuspecting

hackneyed adj.

stale, banal, clichéd, overused, tired

halcyon n.

serene, tranquil, idyllic, peaceful

hallmark n.

trademark, characteristic, emblem

halo n.

aureole, nimbus, corona

hamper v.

hinder, obstruct, impede, thwart

haphazard adj.

random, chaotic, disorganized, arbitrary

hapless adj.

unfortunate, ill-fated, luckless

harangue n., v.

tirade, diatribe, rant, polemic

harbinger n.

omen, precursor, forerunner, herald

harness v.

utilize, exploit, control, channel, tame

hasten v.

accelerate, expedite, hasten, quicken

haughty adj.

arrogant, disdainful, supercilious, conceited

havoc n.

destruction, devastation, ruin, turmoil

hearsay n.

gossip, rumor, hearsay evidence

hedonistic adj.

pleasure-seeking, indulgent, self-indulgent

heed v.

attend, consider, regard, mind

hegemony n.

dominance, supremacy, authority, control

heinous adj.

atrocious, abhorrent, egregious, monstrous

heirloom n.

antique, legacy, inheritance

henceforth adv.

hereafter, from now on, subsequently

henchman n.

accomplice, minion, lackey, subordinate

herald v.

announce, proclaim, signal, indicate

herbivore n.

plant-eater, folivore, frugivore

heresy n.

dissent, deviation, unorthodoxy

heretical adj.

unorthodox, dissident, iconoclastic

hiatus n.

interruption, pause, break, gap, cessation

hindrance n.

impediment, obstruction, barrier, deterrent

hinterland n.

backcountry, outback, periphery

histrionic adj.

theatrical, melodramatic, exaggerated, affected

hitherto adv.

previously, formerly, until now

hoard v.

amass, stockpile, cache, accumulate

holocaust n.

genocide, extermination, mass destruction

homage n.

tribute, respect, reverence, homage

homogeneous adj.

uniform, consistent, unvaried, analogous

hone v.

refine, sharpen, perfect, enhance

horoscope n.

astrological chart, zodiacal forecast

hospice n.

palliative care facility, end-of-life care center

hubris n.

arrogance, conceit, egotism, pride

hybrid n.

composite, amalgam, blend

hyperbole n.

exaggeration, overstatement, embellishment

hypocrisy n.

duplicity, insincerity, pretense, deceitfulness

hypothetical adj.

suppositional, conjectural, theoretical

hysteria n.

frenzy, mania, agitation, delirium

iconoclasm n.

iconoclasty, heresy, dissent

iconoclast n.

revolutionary, dissenter, heretic

ideologue n.

theorist, dogmatist, visionary

idiosyncrasy n.

quirk, peculiarity, eccentricity

idiosyncratic adj.

peculiar, eccentric, distinctive, unconventional

idyllic adj.

picturesque, pastoral, serene, blissful

ignominious adj.

disgraceful, humiliating, shameful, contemptible

ignominy n.

disgrace, humiliation, shame, infamy

ill-advised adj.

unwise, imprudent, misguided

illicit adj.

unlawful, forbidden, illicitly obtained

imbue v.

infuse, permeate, saturate, instill

immaculate adj.

spotless, flawless, pristine, unblemished

immeasurably adv.

infinitely, immeasurable, boundlessly

immensity n.

vastness, enormity, magnitude, expanse

immortal adj.

eternal, undying, everlasting, imperishable

immutable adj.

unchangeable, unalterable, fixed, permanent

impair v.

diminish, undermine, compromise, weaken

impartial adj.

unbiased, neutral, dispassionate, equitable

impasse n.

deadlock, stalemate, standstill

impassive adj.

stoic, unflappable, inscrutable, indifferent

impeachment n.

removal, ousting, deposition

impeccable adj.

flawless, immaculate, unblemished, exemplary

impede v.

hinder, obstruct, thwart, inhibit

impediment n.

obstacle, hindrance, barrier, obstruction

imperative adj.

essential, crucial, mandatory, urgent

imperceptibly adv.

indiscernibly, subtly, invisibly

imperialism n.

colonialism, expansionism, domination

imperil v.

endanger, jeopardize, compromise, threaten

imperious adj.

overbearing, domineering, haughty, dictatorial

impertinent adj.

insolent, audacious, brazen

imperturbable adj.

unflappable, composed, unshakeable, stoic

impervious adj.

impenetrable, invulnerable, resistant, unaffected

impetuous adj.

impulsive, rash, hasty, reckless

impetus n.

momentum, stimulus, drive, motivation

implacable adj.

unyielding, inexorable, relentless, unappeasable

implausible adj.

incredible, unbelievable, dubious, far-fetched

impracticable adj.

unfeasible, unattainable, impossible

impregnable adj.

invulnerable, unassailable, impenetrable

impromptu adj.

spontaneous, unprepared, extemporaneous

impropriety n.

indecency, inappropriateness, misconduct

impudence n.

insolence, audacity, impertinence

impugn v.

challenge, dispute, contest, question

impunity n.

exemption, immunity, freedom from punishment

inadequacy n.

insufficiency, deficiency, inadequateness

inadvertent adj.

unintentional, accidental, inadvertent

inane adj.

futile, nonsensical, pointless, vacuous

inaugurate v.

commence, initiate, launch, establish

incarnation n.

embodiment, manifestation, personification

incendiary adj.

provocative, inflammatory, subversive

incense v.

enflame, provoke, stimulate

inception n.

commencement, initiation, genesis

incessant adj.

ceaseless, perpetual, unremitting

incisive adj.

keen, penetrating, astute, sharp, perceptive

incite v.

instigate, provoke, stimulate, spur, agitate

inclement adj.

severe, harsh, brutal, tempestuous

inclination n.

predilection, propensity, disposition, tendency

inclusive adj.

comprehensive, all-encompassing, embracing, encompassing

incomprehensible adj.

inscrutable, unfathomable, enigmatic

inconceivable adj.

unimaginable, implausible, absurd, preposterous

incongruity n.

discrepancy, inconsistency, incongruousness

incongruous adj.

discrepant, incompatible, contradictory, discordant

incontrovertible adj.

indisputable, irrefutable, undeniable

incorrigible adj.

unmanageable, irredeemable, inveterate

incredulity n.

disbelief, skepticism, doubt, mistrust

incredulous adj.

disbelieving, skeptical, dubious, unconvinced

incumbency n.

tenure, officeholding, incumbency period

incumbent n.

holder, officeholder, incumbent officeholder

incursion n.

invasion, raid, incursion, penetration

indefatigable adj.

unflagging, tireless, unrelenting, relentless

indelible adj.

perpetual, permanent, unforgettable

indemnify v.

compensate, reimburse, protect, secure

indifference n.

apathy, disinterest, unconcern, detachment

indifferent adj.

apathetic, dispassionate, unconcerned, detached

indignant adj.

resentful, outraged, incensed, irate

indignation n.

resentment, outrage, ire, vexation

indiscretion n.

impropriety, indiscreetness, thoughtlessness

indoctrination n.

brainwashing, conditioning, propaganda

indolent adj.

lazy, lethargic, slothful, apathetic

indomitable adj.

unconquerable, invincible, unyielding, resolute

inducement n.

encouragement, motivation, incentive

induction n.

initiation, inference, introduction, commencement

indulgent adj.

lenient, permissive, tolerant, clement

industrious adj.

diligent, assiduous, sedulous

ineffable adj.

unspeakable, indescribable, inexpressible

inept adj.

incompetent, unskilled, clumsy, maladroit

ineptitude n.

ineptness, incompetence, clumsiness

inequity n.

injustice, disparity, unfairness

inertia n.

inactivity, stagnation, passivity

inexhaustible adj.

unfathomable, limitless, boundless, eternal

inexorable adj.

relentless, unyielding, implacable

infallible adj.

unerring, flawless, impeccable, certain

infamy n.

disrepute, notoriety, shame, scandal

infatuation n.

obsession, passion, fervor, infatuatedness

inferno n.

blaze, conflagration, hellfire

infirmary n.

clinic, dispensary, medical facility

inflammatory adj.

provocative, incendiary, agitating

influx n.

inflow, surge, influxion

infraction n.

violation, breach, transgression, contravention

ingenious adj.

clever, inventive, resourceful, imaginative

ingenuity n.

creativity, inventiveness, resourcefulness

ingenuous adj.

artless, candid, guileless, sincere

ingrained adj.

deep-seated, entrenched, fixed, established

inhospitable adj.

unwelcoming, hostile, uninviting

inhumanity n.

cruelty, barbarity, savagery

inimical adj.

hostile, antagonistic, adverse, detrimental

iniquitous adj.

unjust, wicked, nefarious, malevolent

injunction n.

mandate, order, directive

inkling n.

suspicion, hint, notion, inkling

innocuous adj.

benign, harmless, inoffensive

innuendo n.

insinuation, suggestion, hint, implication

innumerable adj.

countless, myriad, innumerous

inquisition n.

interrogation, examination, scrutiny, inquiry

insatiable adj.

unquenchable, insatiate, voracious

inscrutable adj.

enigmatic, unfathomable, impenetrable, inscrutable

insidious adj.

deceptive, treacherous, cunning, sly

insipid adj.

bland, vapid, uninspiring, dull

insolent adj.

impertinent, audacious, brazen

insoluble adj.

unresolvable, indissoluble, inextricable

insouciant adj.

nonchalant, unconcerned, carefree

instigate v.

provoke, incite, instill, foment

insurgency n.

rebellion, uprising, revolt, insurrection

insurmountable adj.

insuperable, insuperable, unconquerable, unbeatable

insurrection n.

rebellion, uprising, revolt, mutiny

intelligentsia n.

intellectual elite, educated class, cultural elite

inter alia adv.

among other things, including

interlude n.

intermission, interval, respite

intermittently adv.

sporadically, periodically, occasionally

internecine adj.

mutually destructive, civil, internal

intimation n.

hint, suggestion, indication, inkling

intimidation n.

coercion, menace, threat, duress

intransigence n.

obstinacy, inflexibility, unyieldingness

intransigent adj.

unyielding, obstinate, resolute, adamant

intrepid adj.

fearless, dauntless, unflinching, audacious

intrinsic adj.

inherent, innate, essential, fundamental

introspection n.

self-examination, self-reflection, contemplation

intrusive adj.

interfering, invasive, meddlesome

intuition n.

insight, perception, instinct, hunch

inundate v.

overwhelm, inundate, deluge, flood, engulf

invasive adj.

intrusive, encroaching, aggressive, penetrating

invective n.

vituperation, diatribe, tirade

inveterate adj.

chronic, habitual, entrenched, incorrigible

invidious adj.

resentful, envious, spiteful

invocation n.

entreaty, supplication, appeal

iota n.

smidgen, speck, jot, bit, fragment

irascible adj.

irritable, testy, cantankerous, petulant

ire n.

anger, wrath, fury, indignation

irk v.

vex, annoy, irritate, exasperate

irreproachable adj.

impeccable, unassailable, flawless, exemplary

irreverent adj.

disrespectful, flippant, impudent, impertinent

itinerant adj.

nomadic, peripatetic, roving

itinerary n.

schedule, agenda, route, plan

jaded adj.

weary, fatigued, disenchanted, world-weary

jamboree n.

celebration, festivity, gala, extravaganza

jargon n.

terminology, lingo, argot, cant

jaundiced adj.

biased, cynical, resentful

jaunt n.

excursion, outing, trip, jauntiness

jeopardise v.

endanger, compromise, threaten, imperil

jingoism n.

nationalism, chauvinism, militarism

jocular adj.

humorous, playful, jesting, witty

jocularity n.

joviality, levity, mirthfulness

journeyman n.

artisan, craftsman, skilled worker

joust n.

tilt, contest, tournament

jubilation n.

exultation, elation, euphoria, rejoicing

jubilee n.

celebration, commemoration, festivity

judicious adj.

prudent, sagacious, wise, sensible

juggernaut n.

behemoth, colossus, leviathan

juncture n.

intersection, convergence, crossroads, nexus

jurisprudence n.

legal theory, law philosophy, jurisprudential theory

jurist n.

legal expert, attorney, barrister, legal scholar

juxtapose v.

compare, contrast, collate, position, align

juxtaposition n.

contrast, comparison, collocation

kaleidoscope n.

optical instrument, visual marvel, multifaceted view

ken n.

knowledge, awareness, insight

kernel n.

core, essence, nucleus, heart

keynote n.

main address, principal speech, focal presentation

kindle v.

ignite, incite, stimulate, provoke

kindred n.

relatives, kin, family, similar, akin

kinship n.

affinity, relationship, connection, bond

knoll n.

hillock, mound, rise

kudos n.

acclaim, praise, commendation

labyrinth n.

maze, network, tangle, web

lackadaisical adj.

indolent, apathetic, lethargic, listless

lacklustre adj.

dull, uninspired, mundane, insipid

laconic adj.

terse, succinct, concise, brief, curt

laggard n.

dawdler, sluggard, procrastinator

lambaste v.

berate, chastise, rebuke, scold

lament v.

mourn, bewail, bemoan, grieve

lamentable adj.

deplorable, regrettable, distressing, woeful

lampoon n.

satire, parody, mockery, derision

languid adj.

listless, lethargic, enervated, indolent

languish v.

wither, decline, fade, weaken, suffer

lapse n.

error, oversight, lapse of judgment, decline, deterioration

larceny n.

theft, embezzlement, pilfering, misappropriation

largesse n.

munificence, generosity, benevolence

latent adj.

dormant, concealed, potential, hidden

latitude n.

breadth, extent, scope

laud v.

extol, commend, praise, glorify

laudable adj.

commendable, praiseworthy, admirable

laureate n.

recipient, awardee, honoree

lectern n.

podium, reading desk, pulpit

leery of adj.

suspicious, wary, cautious, distrustful

leeway n.

latitude, flexibility, margin, scope

lenient adj.

tolerant, forgiving, merciful, permissive

lethargic adj.

sluggish, apathetic, torpid, indolent

lethargy n.

torpor, languor, inertia

level-headed adj.

composed, rational, pragmatic, judicious

levity n.

frivolity, lightheartedness, buoyancy

levy v.

impose, exact, charge, collect

lexicon n.

vocabulary, terminology, wordstock

liaison n.

connection, association, intermediary, link

licentious adj.

dissolute, libertine, wanton, lewd

limbo n.

purgatory, uncertainty, suspension

lineage n.

descent, ancestry, genealogy

linguist n.

philologist, polyglot, grammarian

liquidate v.

dissolve, settle, convert

liquidation n.

dissolution, termination, settlement

litany n.

repetition, enumeration, recital

litigant n.

claimant, plaintiff, party

litigious adj.

contentious, quarrelsome, combative

liturgy n.

rite, ritual, ceremony

loathe v.

detest, abhor, despise, execrate

longevity n.

durability, permanence, endurance

loophole n.

escape, gap, oversight

loquacious adj.

garrulous, voluble, talkative, verbose

lore n.

knowledge, tradition, folklore, wisdom

lout n.

boor, oaf, clod, lummox

lucid adj.

clear, coherent, intelligible, articulate

ludicrous adj.

preposterous, absurd, ridiculous, nonsensical

lugubrious adj.

mournful, dismal, melancholy, woeful

lukewarm adj.

tepid, indifferent, half-hearted

luminary n.

celebrity, beacon, guiding light, icon, authority

luminous adj.

radiant, incandescent, resplendent, effulgent

lustre n.

sheen, radiance, brilliance, gloss

luxuriant adj.

opulent, lavish, abundant, profuse

machination n.

conspiracy, scheme, plot, intrigue

machismo n.

male dominance, hypermasculinity, virility

macrocosm n.

universe, cosmos, entirety, totality

madcap adj.

foolhardy, reckless, whimsical

maelstrom n.

whirlpool, vortex, tumult, chaos

maestro n.

virtuoso, expert, master, genius

magnanimous adj.

generous, benevolent, altruistic, noble-hearted

magnate n.

tycoon, mogul, baron, oligarch

mainstay n.

cornerstone, linchpin, backbone

malady n.

affliction, ailment, disorder, condition

malaise n.

discomfort, unease, disquiet, malaise

malcontent n.

dissatisfied, discontented, disgruntled, rebellious

malevolent adj.

malicious, spiteful, vindictive, malevolous

malfeasance n.

misconduct, wrongdoing, corruption, impropriety

malice n.

malevolence, spite, animosity, rancor

malign v.

slander, defame, vilify, malign, disparage

malleable adj.

adaptable, pliable, ductile, flexible

malodorous adj.

fetid, rancid, putrid, noxious

manifestation n.

demonstration, expression, indication, embodiment

mannerism n.

idiosyncrasy, peculiarity, quirk

manor n.

estate, residence, villa

mantle n.

cloak, covering, layer, shroud

marauder n.

raider, pillager, looter

marquee n.

pavilion, tent, display

martyrdom n.

sacrifice, selflessness, devotion

masochism n.

self-punishment, self-sabotage, suffering for pleasure

masquerade n.

charade, pretense, facade, deception

materialism n.

consumerism, hedonism, pragmatism

matriarch n.

matron, matriarchal figure, female leader

maudlin adj.

sentimental, mawkish, tearful

maverick n.

nonconformist, iconoclast, individualist

maxim n.

axiom, adage, aphorism, principle

mayhem n.

chaos, pandemonium, turmoil, bedlam

meagre adj.

insufficient, paltry, scanty, sparse

mediator n.

intermediary, negotiator, conciliator

mediocrity n.

inferiority, ordinariness, banality

megalomania n.

egomania, narcissism, delusions of grandeur

melancholy n.

sorrow, despondency, gloom, wistfulness

melee n.

brawl, fracas, skirmish

memento n.

souvenir, keepsake, token

memorabilia n.

collectibles, artifacts, souvenirs

menacing adj.

threatening, ominous, intimidating, baleful

mendacious adj.

deceitful, dishonest, untruthful, fraudulent

mercenary n.

hired gun, soldier of fortune, freelancer

meritocracy n.

talentocracy, egalitarianism, competency-based system

messiah n.

savior, redeemer, liberator

metamorphosis n.

transformation, transmutation, evolution

meticulous adj.

diligent, precise, thorough, fastidious

mettle n.

fortitude, resilience, tenacity

microcosm n.

miniature, epitome, representation

minion n.

henchman, subordinate, follower, sycophant

minutiae n.

details, intricacies, nuances

mirage n.

illusion, delusion, phantasm

mire n.

quagmire, bog, swamp

misanthrope n.

cynic, recluse, hermit

mischievous adj.

impish, roguish, playful, naughty

misgiving n.

apprehension, trepidation, unease

mishap n.

blunder, misfortune, setback

misnomer n.

mislabeling, misappellation, erroneous designation

misogyny n.

misandry, sexism, chauvinism

mitigate v.

alleviate, assuage, diminish, reduce, soften

modicum n.

smidgen, morsel, iota, speck

mogul n.

tycoon, magnate, baron, industrialist

mollify v.

appease, placate, pacify, assuage

moniker n.

nickname, appellation, designation

monolith n.

colossus, behemoth, edifice

monologue n.

soliloquy, discourse, oration

montage n.

collage, assembly, compilation

moratorium n.

suspension, hiatus, deferment

mordant adj.

acerbic, caustic, scathing, trenchant

morgue n.

necropolis, charnel house, repository

moribund adj.

dying, declining, stagnant, waning

morose adj.

sullen, gloomy, surly, despondent

mortal adj., n.

human, transient, perishable

mortifying adj.

embarrassing, humiliating, shameful, disconcerting

mosaic n.

collage, montage, assemblage

muffle v.

dampen, mute, deaden, stifle

multitude n.

array, plethora, host, myriad

mundane adj.

banal, prosaic, commonplace, pedestrian

munificent adj.

generous, lavish, bountiful, philanthropic

munition n.

ammunition, ordnance, projectiles

mural n.

fresco, wall painting, tableau

mutable adj.

changeable, adaptable, variable, fluctuating

myopic adj.

nearsighted, shortsighted, narrow-minded, limited, insular

myriad n., adj.

multitude, plethora, countless, myriad

mystique n.

enigma, allure, charm, fascination

nadir n.

lowest point, rock bottom, bottommost point

nag v.

harass, pester, torment

naivety n.

innocence, simplicity, gullibility

namesake n.

eponym, counterpart, equivalent

narcissism n.

self-absorption, egotism, self-admiration

nascent adj.

emerging, incipient, budding, developing

nebulous adj.

ambiguous, indistinct, vague, obscure

nefarious adj.

wicked, villainous, malevolent, sinful

negligence n.

carelessness, oversight, dereliction, inattention

nemesis n.

adversary, antagonist, foe, rival

neophyte n.

novice, beginner, fledgling, tyro

nepotism n.

favoritism, cronyism, patronage

nexus n.

connection, link, bond, tie

nihilism n.

skepticism, cynicism, pessimism

nirvana n.

paradise, bliss, enlightenment

nomenclature n.

taxonomy, classification, terminology

nonchalance n.

indifference, apathy, insouciance

nonchalant adj.

insouciant, apathetic, indifferent, unconcerned

nonentity n.

insignificance, nullity, nonexistence

notoriety n.

infamy, disrepute, ill fame

novice n.

beginner, neophyte, apprentice, fledgling

noxious adj.

harmful, deleterious, pernicious, toxic

nuance n.

subtlety, distinction, variation, refinement

oaf n.

buffoon, dolt, nincompoop

oasis n.

sanctuary, refuge, haven

obdurate adj.

unyielding, inflexible, adamant, stubborn

obfuscate v.

confound, obscure, bewilder

obfuscation n.

ambiguity, obscurity, clouding

obituary n.

eulogy, tribute, memorial, death notice

obliterate v.

eradicate, annihilate, expunge, erase

oblivion n.

forgetfulness, obscurity, annihilation

obscenity n.

indecency, vulgarity, lewdness, profaneness

obscure adj.

ambiguous, enigmatic, cryptic, indistinct

obscurity n.

ambiguity, vagueness, obscureness, enigma

obsequious adj.

servile, sycophantic, ingratiating, fawning

observance n.

compliance, adherence, observatory, scrutiny

obsolescence n.

superannuation, antiquation, obsolescent

obsolete adj.

outdated, antiquated, passé, defunct

obstinate adj.

stubborn, unyielding, inflexible, headstrong

obstreperous adj.

boisterous, unruly, vociferous, tumultuous

obtuse adj.

blunt, dull, insensitive, slow-witted

obviate v.

preclude, avert, forestall, eliminate

ode n.

lyric, hymn, eulogy

odyssey n.

journey, quest, expedition, adventure

officious adj.

intrusive, meddlesome, impertinent

oligarchy n.

plutocracy, aristocracy, elite rule

omen n.

portent, augury, sign, forewarning

ominous adj.

foreboding, menacing, sinister, portentous

omission n.

neglect, oversight, exclusion, lapse

omnipotence n.

all-powerfulness, supremacy, sovereignty

omniscience n.

all-knowingness, sagacity, wisdom

onerous adj.

burdensome, taxing, arduous, demanding

onset n.

commencement, inception, initiation

onslaught n.

assault, barrage, onrush, invasion

onus n.

burden, responsibility, obligation

opacity n.

translucence, clarity, transparency

opaque adj.

impenetrable, obscure, cloudy, ambiguous

opportunistic adj.

calculating, exploitative, self-serving

opulence n.

luxury, affluence, grandeur, sumptuousness

opulent adj.

luxurious, lavish, sumptuous, extravagant

oracle n.

prophet, seer, diviner

orator n.

speaker, rhetorician, elocutionist

oratory n.

rhetoric, eloquence, oration, discourse

ordeal n.

trial, tribulation, hardship, suffering

ordinance n.

regulation, decree, statute

ornate adj.

elaborate, intricate, embellished, adorned

orthodoxy n.

conformity, traditionalism, dogmatism

oscillation n.

fluctuation, variation, undulation

ostensible adj.

apparent, superficial, professed, alleged

ostentation n.

showiness, flamboyance, pretentiousness

ostentatious adj.

pretentious, flamboyant, showy, extravagant

ostracise v.

shun, exile, banish, reject

ostracism n.

exclusion, isolation, rejection, banishment

oust v.

remove, depose, expel, displace

outweigh v.

surpass, eclipse, overshadow

ovation n.

acclamation, applause, commendation, tribute

oversight n.

supervision, oversight, management

overweening adj.

hubristic, presumptuous, arrogant

oxymoron n.

paradox, contradiction, incongruity

pacifism n.

nonviolence, peace advocacy, pacificism

pacify v.

appease, placate, soothe, mollify

pageant n.

spectacle, extravaganza, display, showpiece

pageantry n.

splendor, grandeur, ostentation

painstaking adj.

meticulous, diligent, assiduous, thorough

palatable adj.

appetizing, delectable, savory, agreeable

palatial adj.

opulent, grandiose, magnificent, lavish

pallbearer n.

bearer, escort, attendant

palliate v.

alleviate, assuage, mitigate, soothe

pallid adj.

wan, pallorous, ashen, anemic

pallor n.

waness, paleness, asheness

palpable adj.

tangible, perceptible, evident, manifest

palpitation n.

throbbing, pulsation, fluttering

paltry adj.

meager, trivial, insignificant, negligible

pamper v.

indulge, spoil, cosset, coddle

panacea n.

cure-all, remedy, elixir, solution

panache n.

flair, style, verve, élan

pandemonium n.

chaos, tumult, uproar, bedlam

pang n.

spasm, twinge, pang of remorse

panorama n.

vista, expanse, overview, perspective

parable n.

allegory, fable, moral tale

paradigm n.

model, framework, archetype, prototype

paradox n.

contradiction, anomaly, inconsistency

paragon n.

exemplar, epitome, ideal, paragon of virtue

paramount adj.

supreme, predominant, vital, essential

paraphernalia n.

equipment, apparatus, accoutrements

pariah n.

outcast, leper, reject, exile

parity n.

equivalence, equality, uniformity

parlance n.

terminology, jargon, lexicon, vernacular

parochial adj.

narrow-minded, insular, provincial

parody n.

satire, spoof, caricature, imitation

parsimonious adj.

frugal, stingy, miserly, tightfisted

parsimony n.

frugality, economy, austerity

partisan adj., n.

biased, sectarian, one-sided, devoted, zealous

partisanship n.

bias, factionalism, sectarianism

patently adv.

obviously, manifestly, clearly

pathos n.

emotionality, poignancy, sentimentality

patriarch n.

founder, progenitor, elder, leader

patronage n.

sponsorship, support, backing, advocacy

paucity n.

dearth, insufficiency, scarcity

pavilion n.

gazebo, marquee, kiosk

pedagogy n.

educational theory, instructional methodology, teaching philosophy

pedant n.

nitpicker, stickler, purist

pedantic adj.

nitpicking, meticulous, fastidious

pedantry n.

meticulousness, exactitude, fastidiousness

pedestal n.

base, platform, support, foundation

pedigree n.

lineage, ancestry, genealogy, descent

peevish adj.

petulant, irritable, fractious, querulous

pejorative adj.

derogatory, disparaging, belittling

penchant n.

predilection, proclivity, affinity

pending adj.

unresolved, imminent, awaiting

penitence n.

contrition, remorse, repentance, atonement

penitent adj.

contrite, remorseful, repentant, rueful

pennant n.

banner, flag, ensign

pensive adj.

reflective, contemplative, wistful, brooding

penury n.

destitution, impoverishment, deprivation

peremptory adj.

authoritative, dictatorial, commanding, insistent

perennial adj.

everlasting, enduring, perpetual, constant

perfidious adj.

treacherous, duplicitous, deceitful, disloyal

perfunctory adj.

cursory, superficial, mechanical, hasty

peril n.

hazard, jeopardy, danger, threat

perilous adj.

hazardous, precarious, treacherous, risky

perimeter n.

boundary, circumference, outline, limit

periphery n.

margins, outskirts, fringe, boundary

perjurer n.

liar, deceiver, falsifier

perjury n.

false testimony, deceit, mendacity

permanence n.

stability, durability, constancy, endurance

permeate v.

saturate, infuse, pervade

permutation n.

arrangement, combination, configuration

pernicious adj.

deleterious, harmful, insidious, malignant

perpetrator n.

offender, criminal, wrongdoer

perpetual adj.

everlasting, unending, ceaseless, incessant

perpetuate v.

sustain, prolong, maintain, continue

perplexity n.

confusion, bewilderment, puzzlement

persecute v.

harass, oppress, torment, victimise

perseverance n.

tenacity, determination, steadfastness, persistence

perspicacious adj.

astute, insightful, discerning, shrewd

perturbed adj.

disturbed, unsettled, agitated, disconcerted

peruse v.

scrutinize, examine, analyze, review

pervade v.

saturate, infuse, permeate, suffuse

pervasive adj.

ubiquitous, omnipresent, widespread

pervert v.

debauch, corrupt, distort, warp

pessimism n.

doubt, cynicism, negativity, gloom

petulant adj.

irritable, peevish, querulous

philanthropic adj.

altruistic, charitable, benevolent, humanitarian

philanthropist n.

benefactor, humanitarian, altruist, donor

philistine n.

boor, ignoramus, uncultured person

phlegmatic adj.

stoic, apathetic, imperturbable, unflappable

phoenix n.

rebirth, resurrection, renewal

piety n.

devotion, reverence, sanctity

pillage v.

loot, ransack, despoil, sack

pinnacle n.

summit, apex, zenith, acme, peak

pioneering adj.

trailblazing, groundbreaking, innovative, avant-garde

pious adj.

devout, sanctimonious, reverent

pique n.

arouse, stimulate, provoke

piracy n.

plagiarism, theft, infringement

pitfall n.

trap, hazard, snare, danger

pithy adj.

terse, succinct, concise, incisive

pittance n.

trifle, pittance, meager sum

placate v.

appease, pacify, mollify, soothe

placebo n.

sugar pill, inert substance, dummy treatment

placid adj.

serene, tranquil, unperturbed, composed

plagiarism n.

copying, theft, appropriation, infringement

plaintiff n.

complainant, litigant, suitor

plasticity n.

adaptability, flexibility, malleability

platitude n.

cliché, banality, truism

playwright n.

dramatist, scriptwriter, scenarist

plebiscite n.

referendum, ballot, vote

plethora n.

abundance, profusion, excess, surplus

plight n.

predicament, quandary, adversity

ploy n.

tactic, scheme, maneuver

plunder v.

loot, pillage, ransack, despoil

podium n.

platform, stage, dais, lectern

poignancy n.

emotionality, pathos, poignance

poignant adj.

touching, moving, affecting, stirring, emotional

poise n.

composure, equilibrium, grace, assurance

polemic n.

controversy, dispute, debate, argumentation

polyglot n.

multilingual, linguist, translator

pomp n.

grandeur, ostentation, splendor

pompous adj.

ostentatious, pretentious, grandiloquent

ponder v.

contemplate, deliberate, muse, ruminate, reflect

ponderous adj.

heavy, cumbersome, weighty, labored, ponderous

pontificate v.

preach, expound, assert, dogmatize

populace n.

citizenry, populace, community

populism n.

demagoguery, grassroots movement, popular sovereignty

portend v.

foreshadow, signify, herald, indicate

portent n.

omen, sign, harbinger, indication

portentous adj.

ominous, foreboding, significant, momentous

posterity n.

descendants, progeny, offspring

posthumous adj.

post-mortem, after-death, belated

postmortem n.

autopsy, examination, analysis

postulate v.

hypothesize, assert, propose, claim

pragmatism n.

utilitarianism, realism, practicality

pragmatist n.

realist, utilitarian, practical thinker

preamble n.

introduction, preface, prologue

precarious adj.

uncertain, unstable, insecure, risky, hazardous

precedence n.

priority, primacy, superiority

precipice n.

cliff, brink, edge, verge

precipitate v.

accelerate, hasten, expedite, instigate

precipitous adj.

steep, abrupt, sudden, sharp, dizzying

preclude v.

prevent, hinder, exclude, obviate

precocious adj.

advanced, mature, gifted, talented

precursor n.

forerunner, harbinger, precursor, antecedent

predilection n.

predisposition, inclination, penchant, proclivity

predominance n.

ascendancy, superiority, prevalence

preeminent adj.

paramount, supreme, distinguished, notable

preempt v.

anticipate, forestall, avert, thwart

prelude n.

prologue, overture, introduction

premonition n.

forewarning, intuition, presentiment, omen

preponderance n.

dominance, prevalence, superiority

preposterous adj.

absurd, ludicrous, nonsensical, outrageous

prerequisite n.

requirement, condition, stipulation

prerogative n.

privilege, entitlement, right

presumption n.

assumption, supposition, inference, conjecture

presumptuous adj.

audacious, impertinent, overconfident

pretence n.

deception, facade, dissimulation, masquerade

pretender n.

impostor, charlatan, deceiver, fraud, phony

pretentious adj.

ostentatious, pompous, affected, showy

pretext n.

excuse, pretense, guise

prevalent adj.

ubiquitous, pervasive, widespread

prevaricate v.

equivocate, tergiversate, sidestep

primacy n.

supremacy, dominance, precedence

primeval adj.

ancient, primordial, prehistoric, primal

pristine adj.

untouched, immaculate, unspoiled, pure

privation n.

deprivation, deficiency, want, lack, scarcity

probity n.

integrity, honesty, rectitude, virtue

proclamation n.

declaration, announcement, pronouncement, edict

proclivity n.

tendency, inclination, predisposition, propensity

procrastinate v.

dawdle, defer, delay, stall

procure v.

obtain, secure, acquire, garner

procurement n.

acquisition, sourcing, procurement process

prodigal adj.

extravagant, wasteful, lavish, profligate

prodigious adj.

extraordinary, remarkable, phenomenal, immense

prodigy n.

genius, virtuoso, phenomenon

profane adj.

irreverent, blasphemous, sacrilegious, secular

profanity n.

obscenity, vulgarity, swearing, cursing

profess v.

declare, assert, proclaim, avow, affirm

proffer v.

propose, present, submit, extend

proficiency n.

competence, expertise, mastery, skillfulness

profligate adj.

extravagant, wasteful, prodigal

profusion n.

abundance, plethora, multitude, cornucopia

progeny n.

offspring, descendants, progenitors

prognosis n.

forecast, prediction, outlook

prohibitive adj.

restrictive, exorbitant, insurmountable

proliferation n.

expansion, escalation, increase, multiplication

prolific adj.

productive, creative, fertile, abundant

prologue n.

preface, introduction, preamble

promiscuity n.

licentiousness, promiscuousness, debauchery

propagandist n.

agitator, promoter, proselytizer

propensity n.

inclination, predisposition, tendency

prophecy n.

prediction, divination, foretelling

propitious adj.

auspicious, advantageous, favorable, opportune

proponent n.

advocate, supporter, champion, promoter

proprietor n.

owner, possessor, holder

propriety n.

decorum, appropriateness, correctness

prosaic adj.

mundane, banal, pedestrian, commonplace

proscribe v.

forbid, prohibit, ban, interdict, outlaw

protagonist n.

hero, central character, lead, main character

prototype n.

model, archetype, precursor

protract v.

extend, elongate, prolong, lengthen

protégé n.

apprentice, mentee, disciple

provenance n.

origin, source, derivation

proverb n.

adage, aphorism, maxim, saying

providence n.

foresight, divine guidance, destiny

proviso n.

condition, stipulation, qualification

prowess n.

expertise, skillfulness, mastery, competence

proximity n.

closeness, nearness, adjacency, vicinity

proxy n.

substitute, intermediary, agent

prudence n.

wisdom, circumspection, sagacity

prudent adj.

wise, judicious, sagacious, circumspect

pseudonym n.

alias, pen name, nom de plume

psyche n.

soul, spirit, mind, consciousness

puerile adj.

childish, juvenile, immature

pugnacious adj.

belligerent, combative, contentious, quarrelsome

pulpit n.

lectern, platform, dais

punctilious adj.

meticulous, fastidious, scrupulous

pundit n.

expert, authority, savant, scholar

pungency n.

acuteness, sharpness, intensity

pungent adj.

acrid, sharp, intense, penetrating

purge n.

cleansing, expurgation, elimination

purist n.

traditionalist, idealist, absolutist

purport v.

claim, allege, imply, signify

purveyor n.

supplier, vendor, distributor

pusillanimous adj.

timid, cowardly, craven, spineless

quack n.

fraud, impostor, charlatan

quadrant n.

section, segment, division

quagmire n.

predicament, mire, dilemma, impasse

quaint adj.

picturesque, charming, whimsical, old-fashioned

qualm n.

misgiving, apprehension, unease

quandary n.

predicament, dilemma, impasse, conundrum

quarantine n.

isolation, seclusion, confinement

quarry n.

excavation, pit, mine

quartet n.

ensemble, group, quartet

quash v.

suppress, annul, nullify, invalidate

quaver n.

tremor, vibrato, quiver

quell v.

subdue, suppress, pacify, mitigate

querulous adj.

petulant, irritable, cantankerous, fretful

quibble n.

nitpick, bicker, haggle

quicksand n.

sinking sand, mire, bog

quiescent adj.

dormant, inactive, tranquil, still

quintessence n.

essence, embodiment, epitome, paragon

quintessential adj.

typical, exemplary, archetypal, definitive

quintet n.

ensemble, group, band, fivefold, pentad

quip n.

witticism, jest, repartee

quiver n.

tremor, shiver, quake

quixotic adj.

idealistic, fanciful, romantic, impractical

quorum n.

majority, assembly, council

rabble n.

mob, crowd, rabble-rouser, tumult

radiance n.

brilliance, luminosity, effulgence, incandescence

radicalism n.

extremism, fundamentalism, militancy

rambunctious adj.

boisterous, unruly, rowdy, exuberant

ramification n.

consequence, implication, offshoot, byproduct

rancour n.

bitterness, resentment, animosity, enmity

ransom n.

extortion, payment, recompense

rapacious adj.

avaricious, insatiable, greedy, voracious

rapacity n.

avarice, greed, insatiability, voracity

rapport n.

connection, relationship, bond, affinity

rapture n.

ecstasy, bliss, elation, euphoria

rascal n.

scamp, rogue, knave

rashness n.

imprudence, recklessness, temerity

ratification n.

endorsement, validation, confirmation

ratify v.

endorse, validate, confirm, sanction

rationale n.

justification, reasoning, explanation, basis

rationalism n.

empiricism, logical positivism, reasoned thought

raucous adj.

boisterous, clamorous, cacophonous, strident

ravage n.

devastation, destruction, desolation

ravine n.

gorge, canyon, dell

rebuff v.

repulse, reject, spurn, dismiss

rebuke v.

reprimand, admonish, chastise, scold

rebuttal n.

counterargument, disproof, refutation

recalcitrance n.

obstinacy, defiance, resistance

recalcitrant adj.

obstinate, defiant, unruly, disobedient

recant v.

abjure, renounce, disavow, repudiate

recidivism n.

relapse, reoffending, recidivation

reciprocal adj.

mutual, bilateral, interdependent

reciprocate v.

return, reciprocation, respond, requite

reciprocity n.

mutuality, interchange, give-and-take

recklessness n.

imprudence, temerity, audacity

reclamation n.

restoration, rehabilitation, recovery, reclamation

recluse n.

hermit, loner, introvert, misanthrope

reclusive adj.

withdrawn, secluded, hermitic, insular

reconcile v.

settle, resolve, harmonize, mediate

recondite adj.

esoteric, obscure, arcane, cryptic, inscrutable

reconnaissance n.

exploration, survey, investigation, inspection

recourse n.

resort, remedy, option, recourse to law

recrimination n.

countercharge, accusation, denunciation

rectification n.

amendment, correction, adjustment, reformulation

rectify v.

amend, correct, remedy, resolve

rectitude n.

integrity, probity, righteousness

redeem v.

reclaim, recover, atone, compensate, rectify

redemption n.

salvation, atonement, reclamation

redress n.

reparation, remedy, restitution, compensation

refinery n.

processing plant, purification facility

reformation n.

transformation, overhaul, renewal

refractory adj.

obstinate, unruly, intractable, recalcitrant

refutation n.

disproof, rebuttal, contradiction

refute v.

disprove, rebut, invalidate, contest

regent n.

administrator, sovereign, viceroy

registrar n.

clerk, recorder, administrator

regression n.

reversion, decline, deterioration

reimbursement n.

compensation, restitution, refund

reincarnation n.

rebirth, transmigration, metempsychosis

reiteration n.

repetition, recapitulation, reiterance

relegate v.

depose, demote, downgrade

relegation n.

demotion, downgrade, displacement

relic n.

artifact, remnant, vestige

relinquish v.

cede, surrender, yield, forgo

relish v.

savor, delight in, appreciate, enjoy, revel in

reluctance n.

aversion, disinclination, hesitance

remembrance n.

commemoration, recollection, nostalgia

reminiscent adj.

evocative, suggestive, reminiscential

remiss adj.

negligent, derelict, lax, careless

remission n.

abatement, alleviation, reprieve

remit v.

transfer, send, delegate, absolve

remnant n.

remainder, residue, remnant, fragment

remorse n.

contrition, penitence, compunction

remuneration n.

compensation, payment, remuneration package, salary, wage

renaissance n.

revival, rebirth, renewal

rendition n.

interpretation, performance, rendition, representation

renegade n.

rebel, dissenter, outlaw, maverick

renege v.

default, retract, withdraw

renounce v.

abjure, relinquish, repudiate, disavow

renown n.

fame, notoriety, distinction, prominence

reparation n.

compensation, restitution, amends

repatriation n.

repatriate, return, restoration

repeal v.

annul, rescind, revoke, abrogate

repentance n.

contrition, remorse, penitence

repercussion n.

consequence, aftermath, effect, fallout

repertoire n.

collection, range, inventory, catalog

replenish v.

restore, refill, renew, replenish, augment

replete adj.

abundant, overflowing, rife, teeming

repository n.

archive, storehouse, database, cache

reprehensible adj.

blameworthy, culpable, objectionable

repression n.

suppression, restraint, subjugation, oppression

reprieve n.

pardon, respite, delay, suspension

reprimand n., v.

rebuke, admonition, scolding, censure

reprisal n.

retaliation, vengeance, retribution

reproach v.

rebuke, admonish, chastise, scold

repudiate v.

disavow, renounce, reject, disown

repudiation n.

disavowal, renunciation, rejection

repugnance n.

aversion, disgust, loathing, abhorrence

repugnant adj.

abhorrent, loathsome, offensive, distasteful

repute n.

reputation, standing, esteem, regard

requisite n.

prerequisite, requirement, necessity

requisition n.

demand, request, claim

rescind v.

revoke, annul, retract, withdraw

residual adj.

remaining, leftover, surplus

resilience n.

adaptability, fortitude, perseverance, tenacity

resilient adj.

tenacious, adaptable, robust, pliable

resolute adj.

determined, steadfast, unwavering, tenacious

resolutely adv.

determinedly, steadfastly, unflinchingly

resonance n.

reverberation, echo, harmony, resonance effect

respite n.

reprieve, break, intermission, hiatus

resplendent adj.

radiant, luminous, splendid, magnificent

restitution n.

reparation, restitution, compensation

restive adj.

restless, agitated, unruly, fidgety

resurgence n.

revival, reawakening, resurgence

resurrection n.

revival, rebirth, restoration

retaliate v.

avenge, reciprocate, counterattack

reticence n.

reserve, taciturnity, aloofness

reticent adj.

reserved, taciturn, aloof, discreet

retort n.

rejoinder, comeback, counter, riposte

retract v.

withdraw, recant, revoke, rescind

retraction n.

withdrawal, recantation, abjuration

retribution n.

vengeance, recompense, retaliation

retrospection n.

reflection, contemplation, introspection, hindsight

revelry n.

festivity, merriment, jubilation

reverberation n.

echo, resonance, reflection

revere v.

venerate, esteem, idolize, honor, cherish

reverent adj.

venerating, respectful, worshipful, deferential

reverential adj.

venerative, respectful, worshipful

reverie n.

daydream, fantasy, musing, contemplation

revisionism n.

reinterpretation, reevaluation, reexamination

revocation n.

annulment, rescission, abrogation

revoke v.

annul, rescind, retract, withdraw

rift n.

chasm, schism, fissure, divide

righteousness n.

integrity, virtue, morality, justice

rigmarole n.

brouhaha, fuss, commotion, nonsense

rigorous adj.

stringent, exacting, meticulous, austere

rigour n.

strictness, precision, severity, meticulousness

ringleader n.

instigator, orchestrator, mastermind

rite n.

ceremony, ritual, observance, tradition

rogue n.

scoundrel, miscreant, knave, villain

rostrum n.

platform, podium, stage, dais

rout n.

defeat, debacle, rout, collapse

rubric n.

guideline, framework, criterion

ruckus n.

commotion, uproar, disturbance, fracas

rudiment n.

foundation, principle, element, basis

ruination n.

devastation, destruction, obliteration, annihilation

ruminate v.

contemplate, ponder, deliberate, muse

rumination n.

contemplation, reflection, meditation, deliberation

rupture v.

break, fracture, shatter, sever, split

ruse n.

subterfuge, deception, trickery

sabotage n.

subversion, undermining, disruption

saboteur n.

subversive, disruptor, underminer

sacrilege n.

profanation, desecration, blasphemy

sacrosanct adj.

sacred, inviolable, hallowed

safeguard v.

protect, secure, preserve, shield

saga n.

epic, chronicle, narrative

sagacious adj.

insightful, astute, shrewd, perceptive

sage n.

philosopher, oracle, guru

sainthood n.

canonization, sanctity, holiness

salacious adj.

lascivious, lewd, licentious, prurient

salient adj.

prominent, conspicuous, notable, striking

salubrious adj.

beneficial, wholesome, healthful

salutation n.

greeting, address, welcome

salvation n.

redemption, deliverance, liberation

sanctimonious adj.

hypocritical, self-righteous, pious

sanctity n.

holiness, inviolability, sanctum

sanctuary n.

refuge, haven, asylum, shelter

sanguine adj.

optimistic, buoyant, hopeful, confident

sarcasm n.

irony, satire, mockery, derision

sardonic adj.

sarcastic, cynical, mocking, derisive

satiate v.

quench, fulfill, gratify, appease

satire n.

parody, lampoon, caricature, mockery

satirist n.

humorist, caricaturist, lampooner

savagery n.

ferocity, brutality, barbarism

savant n.

genius, prodigy, virtuoso

scaffold n.

framework, support structure, platform

scapegoat n.

fall guy, victim, dupe

scarcity n.

shortage, deficiency, insufficiency, paucity

scathing adj.

acerbic, caustic, vitriolic, trenchant

schism n.

division, rift, split, discord

scion n.

descendant, heir, progeny

scorn v.

deride, disdain, contempt, mock, belittle

scoundrel n.

rogue, villain, knave, miscreant

scourge n.

bane, affliction, torment, pestilence

scruple n.

qualm, compunction, hesitation

scrupulous adj.

meticulous, conscientious, fastidious, punctilious

scrutinise v.

analyze, examine, inspect, investigate, probe

scurrilous adj.

slanderous, defamatory, vituperative, abusive

secession n.

dissociation, separation, withdrawal

seclusion n.

isolation, solitude, privacy, retreat

secretariat n.

administration, bureau, office

sedentary adj.

inactive, stationary, deskbound

sediment n.

debris, residue, silt, deposit

seditious adj.

insurgent, rebellious, subversive, incendiary

sedulous adj.

diligent, assiduous, industrious, tireless

seer n.

prophet, oracle, visionary

segregation n.

separation, division, isolation

seizure n.

capture, appropriation, convulsion, attack

semantics n.

meaning, interpretation, connotation, denotation

semblance n.

appearance, guise, facade, semblance

seminal adj.

pioneering, groundbreaking, influential, formative

senility n.

decline, deterioration, decrepitude

sequel n.

continuation, follow-up, aftermath

sequestration n.

confiscation, isolation, segregation

serendipitous adj.

fortuitous, coincidental, unexpected, chance

serenity n.

tranquility, composure, placidity, equanimity

serfdom n.

vassalage, bondage, servitude

servile adj.

obsequious, subservient, sycophantic

servility n.

obsequiousness, subservience, sycophancy

servitude n.

bondage, subjugation, servility

severance n.

disjunction, separation, detachment

severity n.

seriousness, gravity, harshness, intensity

shackle n.

manacle, restraint, fetter

shambles n.

disarray, chaos, mess, turmoil

shard n.

fragment, piece, sliver, scrap

sheen n.

luster, gloss, sheeniness

shirk v.

evade, dodge, sidestep

shoddy adj.

inferior, substandard, flimsy, careless

shrewdness n.

astuteness, acumen, sagacity

shrine n.

sanctuary, altar, temple, holy place

shroud n.

veil, cloak, cover, concealment

shrouded adj.

veiled, concealed, cloaked, obscured

shun v.

eschew, evade, avoid, reject

siege n.

blockade, encirclement, besiegement

silhouette n.

outline, contour, profile

simile n.

analogy, metaphor, comparison

simpleton n.

fool, dunce, ignoramus, nincompoop

sinecure n.

easy job, cushy position, non-job

singular adj.

unique, exceptional, distinctive

singularity n.

uniqueness, distinctiveness, individuality

siren n.

alarm, signal, wail

skirmish n.

altercation, fracas, tussle

skullduggery n.

deception, trickery, chicanery

slander n., v.

defamation, libel, maligning

sloth n.

indolence, lethargy, idleness

slumber n.

rest, repose, dormancy

smattering n.

scantiness, superficiality, dabbling

snare n.

trap, noose, entrapment

snooty adj.

haughty, disdainful, supercilious, condescending

snub n.

slight, rebuff, disdain

sobriety n.

abstinence, temperance, clarity

sojourn n.

respite, interlude, hiatus

solace n.

comfort, consolation, relief, succor

solemn adj.

grave, serious, earnest, somber, dignified

solemnity n.

gravity, seriousness, dignity, decorum

solicitous adj.

attentive, caring, considerate, mindful

soliloquy n.

monologue, discourse, reflection

solitary adj.

reclusive, secluded, isolated, insular

solitude n.

seclusion, isolation, introspection

solstice n.

turning point, zenith, culmination

sombre adj.

gloomy, melancholy, dismal, bleak

sophistry n.

fallacy, deception, subterfuge, quibble

sophomore n.

second-year student, undergraduate

sordid adj.

sleazy, vile, squalid, base, ignoble

sovereign n.

autonomous, supreme, independent

sow v.

plant, disseminate, propagate

spasm n.

convulsion, twitch, contraction

spate n.

surge, flood, deluge, influx

spawn v.

produce, generate, create, engender

specious adj.

fallacious, deceptive, misleading

spectre n.

phantom, apparition, wraith, shade

speculator n.

investor, gambler, risk-taker, opportunist

spinster n.

bachelor, unmarried woman, old maid

splendour n.

brilliance, magnificence, grandeur, opulence

spontaneity n.

improvisation, naturalness, impulsiveness

sprawl n.

expansion, spread, extension

spur n.

impetus, motivation, catalyst

spurious adj.

false, deceptive, fraudulent, specious, illusory

spurn v.

reject, disdain, scorn, repudiate

squadron n.

unit, formation, contingent

squalid adj.

filthy, wretched, sordid, abject

squalor n.

degradation, destitution, filth, wretchedness

squander v.

dissipate, fritter away, waste, misuse

stagnant adj.

inactive, dormant, static, inert

staid adj.

sedate, solemn, grave, stolid

stalemate n.

impasse, deadlock, standstill

stalwart n.

steadfast, loyal, resolute, unwavering

stamina n.

endurance, perseverance, fortitude

stampede n.

rush, stampeding, chaos, tumult

standoff n.

impasse, deadlock, confrontation

standstill n.

stalemate, impasse, inertia, stagnation

stanza n.

verse, section, stanzaic unit

stasis n.

equilibrium, inertia, stability

stately adj.

grandiose, dignified, imposing, magnificent

statesmanship n.

diplomacy, governance, leadership, political acumen

statute n.

legislation, regulation, ordinance

staunch adj.

steadfast, unwavering, resolute, loyal

steadfastness n.

determination, constancy, tenacity, resoluteness

stealth n.

furtiveness, secrecy, surreptitiousness

stench n.

reek, foulness, malodor

steward n.

administrator, custodian, manager

stewardship n.

management, oversight, guardianship, custodianship

stickler n.

perfectionist, nitpicker, pedant

stifle v.

suppress, inhibit, restrain, smother

stigma n.

taint, blemish, disgrace, dishonor, stigma

stint n.

period, term, duration

stipulate v.

specify, require, demand, impose

stoic adj.

unflappable, impassive, phlegmatic, imperturbable

stoicism n.

fortitude, resilience, equanimity

stolid adj.

impassive, phlegmatic, unemotional, stoic

stopgap n.

temporary measure, interim solution, makeshift

stowaway n.

freeloader, hitchhiker, clandestine traveler

stratagem n.

tactic, scheme, maneuver, ploy, ruse

strategist n.

tactician, planner, schemer, mastermind

stratification n.

layering, categorization, hierarchy

stratum n.

layer, tier, level, grade

stricture n.

constraint, limitation, restriction

strident adj.

raucous, jarring, discordant

strife n.

discord, contention, conflict, struggle

stringency n.

strictness, severity, rigor, austerity

stringent adj.

strict, severe, rigorous, harsh

stronghold n.

fortress, bastion, citadel, stronghold

stupor n.

daze, astonishment, bewilderment

subconscious n.

unconscious, implicit, latent

subdue v.

conquer, suppress, tame, pacify, quell

subjugate v.

dominate, conquer, enslave, suppress

sublime adj.

exalted, magnificent, transcendent, resplendent

subordinate adj., n.

secondary, ancillary, dependent, inferior

subordination n.

dependence, subjugation, hierarchy

subpoena n.

summons, writ, mandate

subservience n.

obsequiousness, servility, submissiveness

subsistence n.

survival, sustenance, maintenance

substantiate v.

validate, corroborate, authenticate, verify

substantiation n.

verification, validation, corroboration

subterfuge n.

deception, ruse, trickery, artifice

subtlety n.

nuance, intricacy, finesse, delicacy

subversion n.

overthrow, sabotage, insurgency

subversive adj.

insurgent, revolutionary, seditious, destabilizing

subvert v.

overthrow, undermine, destabilize, disrupt

succinct adj.

concise, terse, brief, laconic

succumb v.

yield, submit, capitulate, surrender

sufficiency n.

adequacy, competency, proficiency

suffrage n.

franchise, voting rights, electoral rights

suffragette n.

feminist, activist, campaigner

sullen adj.

morose, sulky, surly, glum

summation n.

aggregation, totality, synthesis

summons n.

subpoena, citation, call, demand

sumptuous adj.

opulent, lavish, extravagant, resplendent

superficial adj.

shallow, cursory, surface-level, trivial

superfluous adj.

excessive, redundant, unnecessary, extraneous

supersede v.

supplant, displace, override, replace

superstition n.

myth, fallacy, delusion

supine adj.

reclining, passive, apathetic

supplant v.

replace, usurp, displace, supersede

supple adj.

flexible, pliable, adaptable, lithe

supremacist n.

elitist, segregationist, nationalist

supremacy n.

dominance, hegemony, ascendancy

surfeit n.

glut, excess, plethora, overabundance

surmise v.

infer, conjecture, deduce, speculate

surmount v.

overcome, transcend, prevail, conquer

surpass v.

exceed, outstrip, transcend, eclipse

surreptitious adj.

clandestine, covert, furtive, stealthy, underhanded

surrogate n.

substitute, proxy, representative

susceptibility n.

vulnerability, sensitivity, predisposition

susceptible adj.

vulnerable, prone, sensitive, receptive

sustenance n.

nourishment, sustenance, maintenance, support

swathe n.

band, strip, expanse

swindle n.

fraud, deception, trickery, chicanery

sycophancy n.

obsequiousness, servility, fawning, ingratiation

sycophant n.

toady, flatterer, obsequious person, brown-noser

sycophantic adj.

obsequious, servile, ingratiating, fawning

syllabus n.

curriculum, outline, program

symbiosis n.

coexistence, interdependence, mutualism

symbolism n.

metaphor, allegory, representation, emblematic expression

symposium n.

conference, colloquium, seminar, forum

syndicate n.

cartel, consortium, coalition, alliance

synergy n.

collaboration, cooperation, synergy effect

synopsis n.

summary, outline, abstract, digest

tableau n.

depiction, representation, tableau vivant

tabloid n.

sensationalist newspaper, gossip magazine

taboo n.

prohibition, ban, interdict, tabooism

tacit adj.

implicit, unspoken, understood, inferred

taciturn adj.

reticent, reserved, aloof

tact n.

diplomacy, sensitivity, finesse, discretion

tactician n.

strategist, planner, schemer

taint n.

blemish, stain, contamination, corruption

talisman n.

amulet, charm, fetish, totem

tangential adj.

peripheral, digressive, extraneous

tangible adj.

palpable, substantial, material, concrete

tantamount adj.

equivalent, comparable, commensurate

tantrum n.

fit, outburst, rage, fury

tariff n.

duty, charge, fee, levy

tarnish v.

diminish, tarn, sully, obscure

taskmaster n.

overseer, task supervisor, drill sergeant

tawdry adj.

garish, gaudy, meretricious, ostentatious

tedious adj.

monotonous, dreary, tiresome, wearisome

tedium n.

monotony, ennui, dullness, repetitiveness

telepathy n.

mind reading, thought transference, extrasensory perception

temerity n.

audacity, recklessness, boldness, intrepidity

temperament n.

disposition, character, nature, temperamentality

temperance n.

moderation, restraint, self-control

tempestuous adj.

turbulent, tumultuous, volatile, impassioned

tempo n.

cadence, pace, rhythm

temporal adj.

transitory, ephemeral, fleeting

tenacious adj.

persistent, resolute, dogged, unyielding

tenacity n.

determination, perseverance, steadfastness, resilience

tenet n.

principle, doctrine, belief, tenet

tenor n.

voice, tone, essence, character, trend

tentative adj.

provisional, hesitant, uncertain, experimental

tenuous adj.

fragile, insubstantial, flimsy, weak

termination n.

cessation, conclusion, cessation, dissolution

terminology n.

nomenclature, lexicon, jargon

terminus n.

destination, endpoint, conclusion, limit

terse adj.

concise, curt, abrupt, succinct

testament n.

will, declaration, testimony, covenant

testimonial n.

endorsement, recommendation, validation

tether n.

cord, link, bond, restraint

theatricality n.

dramatic flair, performative quality, theatrical expression

theologian n.

divine scholar, religious philosopher, ecclesiastical thinker

theorem n.

proposition, axiom, principle

thesaurus n.

lexicon, synonym dictionary, wordbook

thicket n.

undergrowth, brushwood, copse

thoroughfare n.

avenue, boulevard, thoroughfare

thrall n.

bondage, servitude, subjugation

thrift n.

frugality, economy, prudence

throwback n.

nostalgia, reminiscence, recollection

thwart v.

hinder, obstruct, impede, foil

timbre n.

tone color, quality, character

timidity n.

diffidence, shyness, reticence, apprehension

timorous adj.

cowardly, apprehensive, fearful, timid, bashful

tipster n.

forecaster, predictor, advisor

tirade n.

diatribe, harangue, rant, polemic

titan n.

colossus, behemoth, giant, leviathan

tithe n.

donation, contribution, offering

token n.

symbol, signifier, representation

tokenism n.

symbolic representation, superficial inclusion, performative diversity

tombstone n.

gravestone, headstone, memorial

tome n.

volume, opus, manuscript

tonnage n.

capacity, freightage, load

topography n.

landform, terrain, relief, geography

torment n., v.

anguish, agony, distress, suffering, affliction

tornado n.

whirlwind, cyclone, tempest

torpid adj.

sluggish, lethargic, inert, apathetic

torpor n.

lethargy, inertia, apathy, stupor

torque n.

moment, rotational force, twisting force

torrent n.

deluge, flood, cascade

torrid adj.

scorching, sweltering, fervent, passionate

tortuous adj.

convoluted, serpentine, winding, intricate

totalitarian adj.

autocratic, dictatorial, oppressive, authoritarian

touchstone n.

benchmark, criterion, standard, gauge

tourniquet n.

compression bandage, constrictor, hemostatic device

toxicity n.

venomousness, harmfulness, noxiousness

tract n.

region, expanse, area, domain

tractable adj.

compliant, docile, malleable, manageable

tradesman n.

artisan, craftsman, tradesperson

traditionalism n.

conservatism, classicism, heritage

trafficker n.

smuggler, dealer, merchant

trailblazer n.

pioneer, innovator, pathfinder

trajectory n.

path, course, route, trajectory

trance n.

ecstasy, reverie, stupor, hypnosis

tranquil adj.

serene, placid, calm, peaceful

tranquillity n.

serenity, calmness, peace, placidity

transcend v.

surpass, exceed, outstrip, eclipse

transcendence n.

surpassing, elevation, exaltation

transcribe v.

document, reproduce, record, replicate

transgress v.

violate, breach, infringe, contravene

transgression n.

violation, infringement, breach, contravention

transient adj.

ephemeral, fleeting, temporary, momentary

translucent adj.

semi-transparent, diaphanous, sheer

travesty n.

parody, caricature, mockery, farce

treacherous adj.

perfidious, duplicitous, deceitful, hazardous

treachery n.

betrayal, perfidy, duplicity, treason

treason n.

betrayal, treachery, perfidy, disloyalty

treatise n.

dissertation, discourse, monograph

tremor n.

quiver, shake, vibration, oscillation

trenchant adj.

incisive, keen, piercing, acute

trepidation n.

apprehension, trepidancy, disquietude

tribalism n.

clannishness, sectarianism, partisanship

tribulation n.

adversity, hardship, suffering, distress

tribune n.

platform, dais, podium

tributary n.

contributor, feeder, stream

trickery n.

deception, subterfuge, cunning, guile

trickster n.

deceiver, charlatan, rogue, jester

trifle n.

triviality, insignificance, frivolity

trilogy n.

series, sequence, triptych

trinket n.

bauble, knickknack, ornament, novelty

trite adj.

hackneyed, clichéd, banal, stale

troupe n.

ensemble, company, group, cast

truculent adj.

belligerent, combative, pugnacious

trudge n.

plod, slog, trudge

truism n.

platitude, cliché, axiom

truncate v.

abridge, curtail, shorten, reduce

trusteeship n.

administration, stewardship, guardianship

tumult n.

commotion, uproar, pandemonium, turmoil

tumultuous adj.

chaotic, turbulent, uproarious

tundra n.

permafrost, arctic plain, cold desert

turbulence n.

instability, agitation, upheaval

turbulent adj.

chaotic, tumultuous, unstable, tempestuous

turmoil n.

chaos, upheaval, disorder, unrest

turncoat n.

traitor, renegade, defector

turpitude n.

depravity, wickedness, immorality, baseness

tutelage n.

mentorship, guidance, supervision

twilight n.

dusk, gloaming, twilight zone

tycoon n.

mogul, baron, capitalist

typhoon n.

hurricane, cyclone, tempest

tyranny n.

despotism, oppression, autocracy, totalitarianism

tyrant n.

despot, oppressor, autocrat, dictator

ubiquitous adj.

omnipresent, pervasive, universal

ubiquity n.

pervasiveness, omnipresence, universality

ultimatum n.

final demand, last warning, non-negotiable proposition

umbrage n.

resentment, indignation, offense, annoyance

umpire n.

referee, adjudicator, judge

unanimity n.

concurrence, accord, consensus

unanimous adj.

unified, concordant, harmonious

unctuous adj.

insincere, ingratiating, oily, sycophantic

undaunted adj.

unflinching, resolute, intrepid, dauntless

undercurrent n.

subtext, undertone, nuance

underdog n.

dark horse, long shot, outsider

underling n.

subordinate, minion, lackey

underpinning n.

foundation, basis, support, cornerstone

understatement n.

minimization, belittlement, downplaying

understudy n.

stand-in, substitute, alternate

undertaker n.

mortician, funeral director, burial agent

undertaking n.

commitment, endeavor, enterprise, project

undertone n.

nuance, undertow, implication

underworld n.

netherworld, abyss, inferno

underwriter n.

guarantor, insurer, sponsor

undoing n.

reversal, annulment, abrogation, negation

unease n.

disquiet, discomfort, apprehension, anxiety

unenviable adj.

disadvantageous, undesirable, unfortunate

unequivocal adj.

unambiguous, clear-cut, unmistakable

unfathomable adj.

incomprehensible, inscrutable, enigmatic, unfathomable

unification n.

integration, consolidation, amalgamation

uniformity n.

consistency, homogeneity, conformity

unison n.

concord, harmony, agreement

universality n.

globality, inclusiveness, comprehensiveness

unpalatable adj.

distasteful, unpleasant, unacceptable

unpretentious adj.

modest, simple, humble, unassuming

unremitting adj.

persistent, relentless, incessant, unyielding

unrivalled adj.

inimitable, unparalleled, unmatched

unruly adj.

disorderly, unruly, obstreperous, boisterous

unsullied adj.

pristine, immaculate, untainted

untenable adj.

indefensible, unsustainable, illogical, untenable

unthinkable adj.

inconceivable, unimaginable, implausible

untrodden adj.

unexplored, uncharted, virgin, pristine

unwieldy adj.

cumbersome, unwieldy, clumsy

unwitting adj.

unaware, oblivious, ignorant

upbraid v.

rebuke, reprimand, scold, chastise

upheaval n.

turmoil, disruption, convulsion, cataclysm

upkeep n.

maintenance, preservation, care, sustenance

uprising n.

rebellion, insurrection, revolt, resistance

uproar n.

commotion, tumult, pandemonium, uproariousness

uproarious adj.

boisterous, riotous, uproarious, raucous

upshot n.

outcome, consequence, result, conclusion

upsurge n.

increase, surge, escalation, rise

upturn n.

improvement, resurgence, recovery

urbane adj.

sophisticated, polished, cultured, cosmopolitan

urgency n.

imperativeness, exigency, immediacy

usher n.

guide, attendant, doorkeeper

usurp v.

seize, appropriate, commandeer, expropriate

usurpation n.

seizure, appropriation, encroachment

utensil n.

implement, tool, apparatus, device

utilitarianism n.

pragmatism, consequentialism, expediency

utmost adj.

paramount, supreme, ultimate

utopia n.

ideal, paradise, dreamland, Eden

utopianism n.

idealism, perfectionism, visionary thought

utterance n.

statement, remark, declaration, expression

vacancy n.

emptiness, opening, availability

vacillate v.

waver, oscillate, fluctuate, hesitate

vacillation n.

oscillation, indecision, fluctuation, wavering

vacuous adj.

insipid, inane, superficial, empty-headed

vagary n.

whim, caprice, quirk, eccentricity

vagrant n.

drifter, wanderer, itinerant

vain adj.

futile, conceited, narcissistic

validate v.

authenticate, substantiate, corroborate, verify

valour n.

bravery, courage, gallantry, heroism

valuation n.

assessment, appraisal, estimation, evaluation

vandal n.

iconoclast, destroyer, saboteur

vandalism n.

defacement, destruction, sabotage, desecration

vanguard n.

forefront, forefront, trailblazers, pioneers

vanity n.

conceit, narcissism, egotism

vanquish v.

defeat, conquer, subdue, overcome

vanquished adj.

defeated, subdued, conquered, overthrown

vapid adj.

insipid, bland, uninspired, dreary

variance n.

diversity, discrepancy, deviation, heterogeneity

variegated adj.

multicolored, diverse, assorted, heterogeneous

vastness n.

immensity, expanse, enormity, magnitude

vault n.

arch, dome, repository, strongroom

vehemence n.

fervor, intensity, passion, fervency

vehemently adv.

fervently, passionately, forcefully, ardently

velocity n.

speed, rapidity, swiftness, quickness

velvet n.

plush, velour, silk

venal adj.

corrupt, mercenary, bribable

vendetta n.

revenge, retribution, blood feud

veneer n.

facade, guise, semblance

venerable adj.

esteemed, revered, venerating, hallowed

veneration n.

reverence, adoration, esteem, worship

vengeance n.

retribution, reprisal, revenge, payback

venom n.

toxin, poison, bile, venomous secretion

vent n.

aperture, outlet, orifice

veracity n.

truthfulness, accuracy, authenticity

verbatim adv.

exactly, precisely, literally

verbose adj.

loquacious, wordy, long-winded, prolix

verdant adj.

lush, flourishing, thriving

verge n.

brink, edge, threshold, margin

verification n.

authentication, validation, corroboration

verisimilitude n.

realism, authenticity, plausibility

vermin n.

pests, parasites, nuisances

vernacular n.

dialect, colloquialism, idiom

versatility n.

adaptability, flexibility, multifacetedness, resourcefulness

vertex n.

apex, pinnacle, summit

vertigo n.

dizziness, giddiness, nausea, disorientation

verve n.

enthusiasm, vigor, zeal, passion

vestige n.

remnant, trace, relic, shadow

veto n., v.

prohibition, rejection, disapproval

vexation n.

irritation, annoyance, exasperation, displeasure

vexatious adj.

irritating, exasperating, troublesome, annoying

viability n.

feasibility, practicality, sustainability

vicarious adj.

empathetic, indirect, secondary

vicinity n.

proximity, neighborhood, vicinity

vicissitude n.

fluctuation, variation, alteration, change

victor n.

champion, conqueror, winner, triumphant

vigil n.

watchfulness, alertness, surveillance

vigilance n.

alertness, watchfulness, attentiveness

vigilante n.

self-appointed enforcer, avenger, protector

vigour n.

vitality, dynamism, robustness, energy

vile adj.

abhorrent, despicable, loathsome

vilification n.

denunciation, disparagement, slander, defamation

vilify v.

denigrate, malign, slander, disparage

villain n.

antagonist, rogue, scoundrel, miscreant

villainy n.

malevolence, wickedness, iniquity, depravity

vindicate v.

exonerate, absolve, justify, defend, uphold

vindication n.

justification, exoneration, substantiation

vindictive adj.

vengeful, spiteful, malicious, resentful

vindictiveness n.

vengefulness, spitefulness, malice

vintage n.

antique, classic, retro, timeless

viper n.

serpent, adder, asp

virtuosity n.

mastery, skillfulness, expertise, proficiency

virtuoso n.

maestro, prodigy, genius

virulence n.

pathogenicity, malignancy, toxicity

virulent adj.

malignant, toxic, pernicious, noxious

visage n.

countenance, visage, aspect, features

visceral adj.

intuitive, instinctive, emotional, profound

visionary n.

futurist, idealist, innovator

vista n.

panorama, perspective, view, outlook

vitality n.

vivacity, dynamism, vigor, energy

vitriolic adj.

acrimonious, caustic, scathing, venomous

vituperate v.

berate, revile, castigate, lambaste

vivacious adj.

animated, exuberant, spirited, effervescent

vivacity n.

animation, exuberance, vitality, liveliness

vocation n.

calling, profession, occupation, trade

vociferous adj.

boisterous, clamorous, strident, uproarious

vogue n.

trend, fashion, craze, style, fad

void n., adj.

null, vacant, empty, invalid

volatile adj.

fickle, capricious, changeable, mercurial

volatility n.

instability, fluctuation, variability

volition n.

will, intention, determination, choice

volley n.

barrage, flurry, burst

voracious adj.

insatiable, ravenous, gluttonous

vortex n.

whirlpool, maelstrom, eddy

voucher n.

coupon, certificate, token

voyeur n.

peeper, observer, watcher

vulgarity n.

coarseness, indecency, rudeness, obscenity

wager v.

bet, stake, gamble, speculate

waiver n.

relinquishment, abdication, forbearance

walkout n.

standoff, strike, protest

wane v.

diminish, decline, recede, abate

wanton adj.

licentious, unrestrained, extravagant, reckless

wantonness n.

licentiousness, extravagance, debauchery

warden n.

custodian, overseer, guardian

warlord n.

military leader, chieftain, commander

warranty n.

guarantee, assurance, pledge, commitment

wasteland n.

desolation, barrenness, desert, wastage

watchdog n.

sentinel, overseer, monitor

watchword n.

motto, slogan, catchphrase

watershed n.

turning point, critical juncture, pivotal moment

waver v.

hesitate, fluctuate, oscillate, falter

wayward adj.

errant, rebellious, capricious, wayfaring

waywardness n.

rebelliousness, intractability, capriciousness

weaponry n.

armament, munitions, ordnance, artillery

weariness n.

fatigue, exhaustion, lassitude, ennui

wedlock n.

matrimony, union, marriage

wharf n.

dock, quay, pier, jetty

wheedling adj.

coaxing, cajoling, beguiling, flattery, insincere

wherewithal n.

resources, means, funds, capital

whim n.

fancy, impulse, notion, whimsy

whimsical adj.

fanciful, quirky, playful, eccentric

whimsy n.

fancifulness, quirkiness, caprice, eccentricity

whirlpool n.

eddy, vortex, maelstrom

whirlwind n.

maelstrom, tempest, tumult

whistleblower n.

informant, revealer, discloser

whitewash n.

cover-up, glossing over, obfuscation

wickedness n.

malevolence, iniquity, depravity

wield v.

exercise, exert, brandish, manipulate

wilderness n.

backcountry, wilds, outback, hinterland

wildfire n.

blaze, inferno, conflagration

willfulness n.

determination, obstinacy, tenacity

windfall n.

windfall profit, bonanza, jackpot

wisp n.

tendril, filament, trace, hint

wistful adj.

nostalgic, yearning, pensive, reflective

wistfulness n.

nostalgia, yearning, pining, melancholy

witchcraft n.

sorcery, enchantment, necromancy

withstand v.

endure, resist, survive, tolerate, weather

witticism n.

quips, repartees, bon mots, clever remarks

wizardry n.

sorcery, enchantment, necromancy, conjuration

wizened adj.

shriveled, withered, aged, gaunt

woe n.

anguish, distress, misery, sorrow

wordiness n.

verbosity, prolixity, redundancy

workmanship n.

craftsmanship, artistry, skillfulness

wrath n.

fury, rage, indignation, ire

wreckage n.

debris, ruins, remnants, remains

wretched adj.

abject, desolate, forlorn, miserable

wrongdoer n.

offender, transgressor, malefactor

wry adj.

sarcastic, ironic, sardonic, dry, twisted

xenophobe n.

bigot, nationalist, isolationist

xenophobia n.

bigotry, intolerance, prejudice

yardstick n.

benchmark, criterion, standard

yarn n.

thread, filament, strand

yearning n.

longing, desire, craving, wistfulness

yoke n.

harness, bond, coupling

yokel n.

bumpkin, rustic, provincial

zeal n.

fervor, passion, enthusiasm, ardor, dedication

zealot n.

enthusiast, fanatic, radical, extremist

zealotry n.

fanaticism, extremism, fervor

zealous adj.

ardent, fervent, passionate, enthusiastic, committed

zeitgeist n.

cultural climate, spirit of the age, ethos

zenith n.

apex, pinnacle, acme, summit

zest n.

enthusiasm, fervor, gusto, zeal

zigzag n.

serpentine, undulating, meandering

zodiac n.

horoscope, astrological sign, celestial sphere

zoology n.

animal biology, wildlife science, faunal studies

Mastery

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Mastery

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